Abstract：
The impact of air pollution on forests, especially in urban areas, has been increasingly discussed recently. Many pollutants, including heavy metals, are released into the atmosphere from various sources, such as mining, non-ferrous metal processing plants, and fossil fuel combustion. These pollutants can adversely affect not only tree growth but also other species, including humans. This study compared the concentrations of several elements in tree-ring wood from two conifer species (Silver fir, Abies alba; Norway spruce, Picea abies) growing in polluted and unpolluted areas. Two regions in northern Romania (Bicaz and Tarnița) that were subjected to historical pollution changes were selected. Two chemical analyses were used: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The silver fir trees from the intensively polluted area in the Tarnița region were negatively impacted by industrial pollution: the Mn concentrations were, on average, three times higher in polluted areas than in unpolluted areas (ca. 30 vs. 10 mg kg-1). This finding was consistent for both ICP-MS and XRF analyses. However, in Norway spruce, this difference was found only in the XRF data, which detected Mn concentrations seven times higher in trees from polluted areas than those from unpolluted areas (ca. 700 vs. 100 mg kg-1). In the Tarnița region, Norway spruce accumulated more heavy metals than silver fir, but the most pronounced differences between polluted and unpolluted areas were found in silver fir. The two analytical methods are commonly used to determine metal concentrations in wood, and they complement each other, with ICP-MS having a low detection limit for some elements and XRF having higher detection limits and better accuracy. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the optimal method depends on many factors, such as the type of heavy metal analyzed, its concentration in wood, sample type, cost, analysis time, and sample preparation.
摘要：
空气污染对森林的影响，尤其是在城市地区，最近讨论得越来越多。许多污染物，包括重金属,从各种来源释放到大气中，比如采矿，有色金属加工厂，和化石燃料燃烧。这些污染物不仅会对树木生长产生不利影响，还会对其他物种产生不利影响。包括人类。这项研究比较了两种针叶树种（银杉，冷杉;挪威云杉,云杉）生长在污染和未污染的地区。选择了罗马尼亚北部的两个遭受历史污染变化的地区（比卡兹和塔尔尼萨）。使用两种化学分析：电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）和X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）。来自塔尼萨地区严重污染地区的银杉树受到工业污染的负面影响：锰浓度为，平均而言,污染区比未污染区高三倍(约30vs.10mg·kg-1)。这一发现对于ICP-MS和XRF分析都是一致的。然而,在挪威云杉，这种差异仅在XRF数据中发现，在受污染地区的树木中检测到的Mn浓度是未污染地区的7倍（约700vs.100mg·kg-1)。在塔尔尼萨地区,挪威云杉积累了比银杉更多的重金属，但是污染和未污染地区之间最明显的差异是在银杉中发现的。这两种分析方法通常用于确定木材中的金属浓度，它们相互补充，其中ICP-MS对某些元素具有低检测限,而XRF具有较高的检测限和较好的准确度。每种方法都有其优点和缺点，最佳方法取决于许多因素，例如分析的重金属类型，它集中在木材中，样品类型,成本,分析时间,和样品制备。
