Abstract：
To evaluate Spot in detecting American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) Amblyopia risk factors (ARF) and for ARF myopia and hyperopia with variations in ocular pigments.
Diagnostic screening test evaluation.
Study population: Children presented for a complete eye examination in pediatric clinic. The study population included 1040 participants, of whom 273 had darkly pigmented eyes, 303 were medium pigmented, and 464 were light pigmented.
Children were screened with the Spot vision screener before the complete eye examination. A pediatric ophthalmologist then completed an eye examination, including cycloplegic refraction. The pediatric ophthalmologist was blinded to the result of the Spot vision screener.
The association between Spot screening recommendation and meeting one or more ARF/ARF + Amblyopia criterion, Spot measured spherical equivalent, and ARF myopia and hyperopia detection.
The area under the receiver operative characteristic curve (AUC) for myopia was excellent for all. The AUC for hyperopia was good (darker-pigmented: 0.92, medium-pigmented: 0.81, and lighter-pigmented: 0.86 eyes). The Spot was most sensitive for ARF myopia (lighter-pigmented: 0.78, medium-pigmented: 0.52, darker-pigmented: 0.49). The reverse was found for hyperopia; however, sensitivity was relatively poor. The Spot was found most sensitive for hyperopia in the darker-pigment group (0.46), 0.27 for medium-pigment, and 0.23 for the lighter-pigment cohort.
While the Spot was confirmed as a sensitive screening test with good specificity in our large cohort, the sensitivity of the Spot in detecting AAPOS guidelines for myopia and hyperopia differed with variations in skin pigment. Our results support the consideration of ethnic and racial diversity in future advances in photorefractor technology.
Diagnostic screening test evaluation.
Study population: Children presented for a complete eye examination in pediatric clinic. The study population included 1040 participants, of whom 273 had darkly pigmented eyes, 303 were medium pigmented, and 464 were light pigmented.
Children were screened with the Spot vision screener before the complete eye examination. A pediatric ophthalmologist then completed an eye examination, including cycloplegic refraction. The pediatric ophthalmologist was blinded to the result of the Spot vision screener.
The association between Spot screening recommendation and meeting one or more ARF/ARF + Amblyopia criterion, Spot measured spherical equivalent, and ARF myopia and hyperopia detection.
The area under the receiver operative characteristic curve (AUC) for myopia was excellent for all. The AUC for hyperopia was good (darker-pigmented: 0.92, medium-pigmented: 0.81, and lighter-pigmented: 0.86 eyes). The Spot was most sensitive for ARF myopia (lighter-pigmented: 0.78, medium-pigmented: 0.52, darker-pigmented: 0.49). The reverse was found for hyperopia; however, sensitivity was relatively poor. The Spot was found most sensitive for hyperopia in the darker-pigment group (0.46), 0.27 for medium-pigment, and 0.23 for the lighter-pigment cohort.
While the Spot was confirmed as a sensitive screening test with good specificity in our large cohort, the sensitivity of the Spot in detecting AAPOS guidelines for myopia and hyperopia differed with variations in skin pigment. Our results support the consideration of ethnic and racial diversity in future advances in photorefractor technology.
摘要：
目的：评估Spot在检测AAPOS弱视危险因素（ARF）以及伴有眼色素变化的ARF近视和远视中的作用。
方法：诊断性筛查测试评估方法：研究人群：儿童在儿科诊所接受全面的眼部检查。研究人群包括1040名参与者，其中273人的眼睛色泽深，303是中等色素，464是浅色的。
方法：在完整的眼部检查之前，使用Spot视力筛查仪对儿童进行筛查。一名儿科眼科医生随后完成了眼部检查，包括睫状肌麻痹屈光。儿科眼科医生对现场视力筛查的结果视而不见。
结果：斑点筛查建议与满足一个或多个ARF/ARF+弱视标准之间的关联，现场实测球面当量,和ARF近视和远视检测。
结果：近视的受试者手术特征曲线（AUC）下面积均良好。远视的AUC良好（深色：0.92，中等色素：0.81和浅色：0.86眼）。斑点对ARF近视最敏感（浅色：0.78，中等色素：0.52，深色：0.49）。发现远视的情况相反；然而，灵敏度相对较差。在深色色素组中发现斑点对远视最敏感（0.46），中等颜料为0.27，和0.23为较轻的颜料组。
结论：虽然Spot在我们的大型队列中被确认为具有良好特异性的敏感筛查测试，Spot检测近视和远视AAPOS指南的敏感性与皮肤色素的变化不同。我们的结果支持在光致折射器技术的未来进步中考虑种族和种族多样性。
方法：诊断性筛查测试评估方法：研究人群：儿童在儿科诊所接受全面的眼部检查。研究人群包括1040名参与者，其中273人的眼睛色泽深，303是中等色素，464是浅色的。
方法：在完整的眼部检查之前，使用Spot视力筛查仪对儿童进行筛查。一名儿科眼科医生随后完成了眼部检查，包括睫状肌麻痹屈光。儿科眼科医生对现场视力筛查的结果视而不见。
结果：斑点筛查建议与满足一个或多个ARF/ARF+弱视标准之间的关联，现场实测球面当量,和ARF近视和远视检测。
结果：近视的受试者手术特征曲线（AUC）下面积均良好。远视的AUC良好（深色：0.92，中等色素：0.81和浅色：0.86眼）。斑点对ARF近视最敏感（浅色：0.78，中等色素：0.52，深色：0.49）。发现远视的情况相反；然而，灵敏度相对较差。在深色色素组中发现斑点对远视最敏感（0.46），中等颜料为0.27，和0.23为较轻的颜料组。
结论：虽然Spot在我们的大型队列中被确认为具有良好特异性的敏感筛查测试，Spot检测近视和远视AAPOS指南的敏感性与皮肤色素的变化不同。我们的结果支持在光致折射器技术的未来进步中考虑种族和种族多样性。
