Abstract：
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a highly aggressive primary liver cancer arising from the bile duct epithelium, represents a substantial proportion of hepatobiliary malignancies, posing formidable challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Notably, the global incidence of intrahepatic CCA has seen a rise, necessitating a critical examination of diagnostic and management strategies, especially due to presence of close imaging mimics such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA). Hence, it is imperative to understand the role of various imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), elucidating their strengths, and limitations in diagnostic precision and staging accuracy. Beyond conventional approaches, there is emerging significance of functional imaging tools including positron emission tomography (PET)-CT and diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI, providing pivotal insights into diagnosis, therapeutic assessment, and prognostic evaluation. This comprehensive review explores the risk factors, classification, clinical features, and role of imaging in the holistic spectrum of diagnosis, staging, management, and restaging for CCA, hence serving as a valuable resource for radiologists evaluating CCA.
摘要：
胆管癌（CCA），由胆管上皮引起的高度侵袭性原发性肝癌，代表了相当大比例的肝胆恶性肿瘤，在诊断和治疗方面构成了巨大的挑战。值得注意的是,肝内CCA的全球发病率有所上升，需要对诊断和管理策略进行严格的检查，特别是由于存在密切的成像模拟，如肝细胞癌（HCC）和联合肝细胞癌-胆管癌（cHCC-CCA）。因此，必须了解各种成像方式的作用，如超声，计算机断层扫描（CT），磁共振成像（MRI），阐明他们的长处，以及诊断精度和分期准确性的限制。除了传统方法，有新兴的意义的功能成像工具，包括正电子发射断层扫描（PET）-CT和扩散加权（DW）-MRI，提供对诊断的关键见解，治疗性评估,和预后评估。这篇全面的综述探讨了风险因素，分类，临床特征,以及成像在整体诊断中的作用，分期,管理,并为CCA重新分类，因此，作为评估CCA的放射科医生的宝贵资源。
