PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an escalating global public health threat. Canals are essential in Thailand, including the capital city, Bangkok, as agricultural and daily water sources. However, the characteristic and antimicrobial-resistance properties of the bacteria in the urban canals have never been elucidated. This study employed whole genome sequencing to characterize 30 genomes of a causal pathogenic bacteria, Salmonella enterica, isolated from Bangkok canal water between 2016 and 2020. The dominant serotype was Salmonella Agona. In total, 35 AMR genes and 30 chromosomal-mediated gene mutations were identified, in which 21 strains carried both acquired genes and mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Virulence factors associated with invasion, adhesion, and survival during infection were detected in all study strains. 75.9% of the study stains were multidrug-resistant and all the strains harbored the necessary virulence factors associated with salmonellosis. One strain carried 20 resistance genes, including mcr-3.1, mutations in GyrA, ParC, and ParE, and typhoid toxin-associated genes. Fifteen plasmid replicon types were detected, with Col(pHAD28) being the most common type. Comparative analysis of nine S. Agona from Bangkok and 167 from public databases revealed that specific clonal lineages of S. Agona might have been circulating between canal water and food sources in Thailand and globally. These findings provide insight into potential pathogens in the aquatic ecosystem and support the inclusion of environmental samples into comprehensive AMR surveillance initiatives as part of a One Health approach. This approach aids in comprehending the rise and dissemination of AMR and devising sustainable intervention strategies.IMPORTANCEBangkok is the capital city of Thailand and home to a large canal network that serves the city in various ways. The presence of pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is alarming and poses a significant public health risk. The present study is the first characterization of the genomic of Salmonella strains from Bangkok canal water. Twenty-two of 29 strains (75.9%) were multidrug-resistant Salmonella and all the strains carried essential virulence factors for pathogenesis. Various plasmid types were identified in these strains, potentially facilitating the horizontal transfer of AMR genes. Additional investigations indicated a potential circulation of S. Agona between canal water and food sources in Thailand. The current study underscores the role of environmental water in an urban city as a reservoir of pathogens and these data obtained can serve as a basis for public health risk assessment and help shape intervention strategies to combat AMR challenges in Thailand.
摘要：
抗菌素耐药性（AMR）对全球公共卫生构成了不断升级的威胁。运河在泰国是必不可少的，包括首都,曼谷,作为农业和日常水源。然而,城市运河中细菌的特征和耐药性从未得到阐明。这项研究采用全基因组测序来表征致病性细菌的30个基因组，肠沙门氏菌,2016年至2020年与曼谷运河水隔离。优势血清型是沙门氏菌Agona。总的来说,鉴定了35个AMR基因和30个染色体介导的基因突变，其中21株同时携带与氟喹诺酮耐药相关的获得性基因和突变。与入侵相关的毒力因子，附着力,在所有研究菌株中检测到感染期间的存活率。75.9％的研究染色剂具有多重耐药性，所有菌株均具有与沙门氏菌病相关的必要毒力因子。一个菌株携带20个抗性基因，包括mcr-3.1，GyrA突变，ParC,和ParE,和伤寒毒素相关基因.检测到15种质粒复制子类型，Col(pHAD28)是最常见的类型。对来自曼谷的9个S.Agona和来自公共数据库的167个S.Agona的比较分析显示，S.Agona的特定克隆谱系可能在泰国乃至全球的运河水和食物来源之间循环。这些发现提供了对水生生态系统中潜在病原体的见解，并支持将环境样本纳入全面的AMR监测计划，作为“一个健康”方法的一部分。这种方法有助于理解AMR的兴起和传播，并制定可持续的干预策略。IMPORTANCEBangkok是泰国的首都，拥有大型运河网络，以各种方式为城市提供服务。致病性和抗菌素耐药性沙门氏菌的存在令人担忧，并构成重大的公共卫生风险。本研究是对来自曼谷运河水的沙门氏菌菌株基因组的首次表征。29株中22株(75.9%)为多重耐药沙门氏菌,所有菌株均携带必需的致病因子。在这些菌株中鉴定出各种质粒类型，可能促进AMR基因的水平转移。进一步的调查表明，在泰国，运河水和食物来源之间存在S.Agona的潜在循环。当前的研究强调了城市中环境水作为病原体库的作用，获得的这些数据可以作为公共卫生风险评估的基础，并有助于制定应对泰国AMR挑战的干预策略。
