Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect and compare the tissular expression of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in peri-implant and periodontal samples of patients with peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and controls.
METHODS: An observational study was performed on patients with peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and controls. Peri-implant and/or periodontal clinical examinations were performed on each participant. Tissue samples were collected during tooth/implant extraction for clinical reasons. Electron microscopy analysis, Picro-Sirius red staining, immunohistochemical (CD15), and immunofluorescence (citrullinated H3 and myeloperoxidase) techniques were performed to detect NET-related structures and the degree of connective tissue destruction, between the study groups.
RESULTS: Sixty-four patients were included in the study: 28 peri-implantitis, 26 periodontitis, and 10 controls, with a total of 51 implants, 26 periodontal teeth, and 10 control teeth. Neutrophil release of nuclear content was observed in transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a greater CD15 expression in both peri-implantitis and periodontitis compared to controls (p < 0.001), and peri-implantitis presented lower levels of connective tissue and collagen compared to both periodontitis (p = 0.044; p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001). Immunofluorescence showed greater citH3 expression in peri-implantitis than the one found in both periodontitis (p = 0.003) and controls (p = 0.048).
CONCLUSIONS: A greater presence and involvement of neutrophils, as well as a greater connective tissue destruction were observed in cases of peri-implantitis. A higher expression of NET-related markers was found in mucosal samples of peri-implantitis compared to periodontitis and controls.
METHODS: An observational study was performed on patients with peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and controls. Peri-implant and/or periodontal clinical examinations were performed on each participant. Tissue samples were collected during tooth/implant extraction for clinical reasons. Electron microscopy analysis, Picro-Sirius red staining, immunohistochemical (CD15), and immunofluorescence (citrullinated H3 and myeloperoxidase) techniques were performed to detect NET-related structures and the degree of connective tissue destruction, between the study groups.
RESULTS: Sixty-four patients were included in the study: 28 peri-implantitis, 26 periodontitis, and 10 controls, with a total of 51 implants, 26 periodontal teeth, and 10 control teeth. Neutrophil release of nuclear content was observed in transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a greater CD15 expression in both peri-implantitis and periodontitis compared to controls (p < 0.001), and peri-implantitis presented lower levels of connective tissue and collagen compared to both periodontitis (p = 0.044; p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001). Immunofluorescence showed greater citH3 expression in peri-implantitis than the one found in both periodontitis (p = 0.003) and controls (p = 0.048).
CONCLUSIONS: A greater presence and involvement of neutrophils, as well as a greater connective tissue destruction were observed in cases of peri-implantitis. A higher expression of NET-related markers was found in mucosal samples of peri-implantitis compared to periodontitis and controls.
摘要：
目的：本研究的目的是检测和比较种植体周围炎患者种植体和牙周样本中中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）的组织表达，牙周炎,和控制。
方法：对种植体周围炎患者进行了一项观察性研究，牙周炎,和控制。对每位参与者进行种植体周围和/或牙周临床检查。出于临床原因,在牙齿/植入物拔除期间收集组织样品。电子显微镜分析，Picro-Sirius红染色，免疫组织化学（CD15），和免疫荧光（瓜氨酸化H3和髓过氧化物酶）技术进行检测NET相关结构和结缔组织破坏程度，研究小组之间。
结果：64例患者被纳入研究：28例种植体周围炎，26牙周炎，和10个控件，总共有51个植入物，26颗牙周牙齿，10颗控制牙齿透射电镜观察到中性粒细胞释放的核内容物。免疫组织化学分析显示，与对照组相比，种植体周围炎和牙周炎中的CD15表达更高（p<0.001），与牙周炎（p=0.044；p<0.001）和对照组（p<0.001）相比，种植体周围炎的结缔组织和胶原蛋白水平较低。免疫荧光显示，种植体周围炎中的citH3表达高于牙周炎（p=0.003）和对照组（p=0.048）。
结论：中性粒细胞的存在和受累更大，在种植体周围炎的病例中观察到更大的结缔组织破坏。与牙周炎和对照组相比，在种植体周围炎的粘膜样品中发现NET相关标志物的表达更高。
方法：对种植体周围炎患者进行了一项观察性研究，牙周炎,和控制。对每位参与者进行种植体周围和/或牙周临床检查。出于临床原因,在牙齿/植入物拔除期间收集组织样品。电子显微镜分析，Picro-Sirius红染色，免疫组织化学（CD15），和免疫荧光（瓜氨酸化H3和髓过氧化物酶）技术进行检测NET相关结构和结缔组织破坏程度，研究小组之间。
结果：64例患者被纳入研究：28例种植体周围炎，26牙周炎，和10个控件，总共有51个植入物，26颗牙周牙齿，10颗控制牙齿透射电镜观察到中性粒细胞释放的核内容物。免疫组织化学分析显示，与对照组相比，种植体周围炎和牙周炎中的CD15表达更高（p<0.001），与牙周炎（p=0.044；p<0.001）和对照组（p<0.001）相比，种植体周围炎的结缔组织和胶原蛋白水平较低。免疫荧光显示，种植体周围炎中的citH3表达高于牙周炎（p=0.003）和对照组（p=0.048）。
结论：中性粒细胞的存在和受累更大，在种植体周围炎的病例中观察到更大的结缔组织破坏。与牙周炎和对照组相比，在种植体周围炎的粘膜样品中发现NET相关标志物的表达更高。
