{Reference Type}: Journal Article
{Title}: Detection and comparison of neutrophil extracellular traps in tissue samples of peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and healthy patients: A pilot study.
{Author}: Al-Bakri SMR;Magan-Fernandez A;Galindo-Moreno P;O'Valle F;Martin-Morales N;Padial-Molina M;Mesa F;
{Journal}: Clin Implant Dent Relat Res
{Volume}: 26
{Issue}: 3
{Year}: 2024 Jun 31
{Factor}: 4.259
{DOI}: 10.1111/cid.13325
{Abstract}: <B>OBJECTIVE: </B>The aim of this study was to detect and compare the tissular expression of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in peri-implant and periodontal samples of patients with peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and controls.<BR><B>METHODS: </B>An observational study was performed on patients with peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and controls. Peri-implant and/or periodontal clinical examinations were performed on each participant. Tissue samples were collected during tooth/implant extraction for clinical reasons. Electron microscopy analysis, Picro-Sirius red staining, immunohistochemical (CD15), and immunofluorescence (citrullinated H3 and myeloperoxidase) techniques were performed to detect NET-related structures and the degree of connective tissue destruction, between the study groups.<BR><B>RESULTS: </B>Sixty-four patients were included in the study: 28 peri-implantitis, 26 periodontitis, and 10 controls, with a total of 51 implants, 26 periodontal teeth, and 10 control teeth. Neutrophil release of nuclear content was observed in transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a greater CD15 expression in both peri-implantitis and periodontitis compared to controls (p < 0.001), and peri-implantitis presented lower levels of connective tissue and collagen compared to both periodontitis (p = 0.044; p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001). Immunofluorescence showed greater citH3 expression in peri-implantitis than the one found in both periodontitis (p = 0.003) and controls (p = 0.048).<BR><B>CONCLUSIONS: </B>A greater presence and involvement of neutrophils, as well as a greater connective tissue destruction were observed in cases of peri-implantitis. A higher expression of NET-related markers was found in mucosal samples of peri-implantitis compared to periodontitis and controls.