Abstract：
Gynodioecy, the coexistence of hermaphrodites with females, often reflects conflicts between cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) genes and nuclear genes restoring male fertility. CMS is frequent in plants and has been recently discovered in one animal: the freshwater snail, Physa acuta. In this system, CMS was linked to a single divergent mitochondrial genome (D), devoid of apparent nuclear restoration. Our study uncovers a second, novel CMS-associated mitogenome (K) in Physa acuta, demonstrating an extraordinary acceleration of molecular evolution throughout the entire K mitochondrial genome, akin to the previously observed pattern in D. This suggests a pervasive occurrence of accelerated evolution in both CMS-associated lineages. Through a 17-generation introgression experiment, we further show that nuclear polymorphisms in K-mitogenome individuals contribute to the restoration of male function in natural populations. Our results underscore shared characteristics in gynodioecy between plants and animals, emphasizing the presence of multiple CMS mitotypes and cytonuclear conflicts. This reaffirms the pivotal role of mitochondria in influencing male function and in generating genomic conflicts that impact reproductive processes in animals.
摘要：
绞股蓝,雌雄同体与雌性共存，通常反映细胞质雄性不育（CMS）基因与恢复男性生育力的核基因之间的冲突。CMS在植物中很常见，并且最近在一种动物中被发现：淡水蜗牛Physaacuta。在这个系统中,CMS与单个不同的线粒体基因组（D）连接，没有明显的核恢复。我们的研究揭示了一秒钟，Physaacuta中新型CMS相关的有丝分裂基因组（K），证明了整个K线粒体基因组中分子进化的非凡加速，类似于先前在D中观察到的模式。这表明在两个与CMS相关的谱系中都普遍存在加速进化。通过17代基因渗入实验，我们进一步表明，K-有丝分裂基因组个体的核多态性有助于自然种群中男性功能的恢复。我们的结果强调了植物和动物在雌雄同体方面的共同特征，强调存在多种CMS分裂型和细胞核冲突。这重申了线粒体在影响男性功能和产生影响动物生殖过程的基因组冲突中的关键作用。
