Abstract：
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important parameter that affects the biology, physiology, and immunology of aquatic animals. In recent decades, DO levels in the global oceans have sharply decreased, partly due to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, temperature, and anthropogenic nutrient loads. Although there have been many reports on the effects of hypoxia on the survival, growth, behavior, and immunity of bivalves, this information has not been well organized. Therefore, this article provides a comprehensive review of the effects of hypoxia on bivalves. In general, hypoxia negatively impacts the food consumption rate and assimilation efficiency, as well as increasing respiration rates in many bivalves. As a result, it reduces the energy allocation for bivalve growth, shell formation, and reproduction. In severe cases, prolonged exposure to hypoxia can result in mass mortality in bivalves. Moreover, hypoxia also has adverse effects on the immunity and response of bivalves to predators, including decreased burial depths, sensitivity to predators, impairment of byssus production, and negatively impacts on the integrity, strength, and composition of bivalve shells. The tolerance of bivalves to hypoxia largely depends on size and species, with larger bivalves being more susceptible to hypoxia and intertidal species being relatively more tolerant to hypoxia. The information in this article is very useful for elucidating the current research status of hypoxia on bivalves and determining future research directions.
摘要：
溶解氧(DO)是影响生物学的重要参数,生理学,和水生动物的免疫学。近几十年来,全球海洋的DO水平急剧下降，部分原因是大气中二氧化碳的增加，温度,和人为的营养负荷。虽然已经有许多关于缺氧对存活的影响的报道,增长,行为，和双壳类动物的免疫力，这些信息没有得到很好的组织。因此,本文就缺氧对双壳类动物的影响进行了全面综述。总的来说,缺氧对食物消耗率和同化效率产生负面影响，以及增加许多双壳类动物的呼吸频率。因此,它减少了双壳类动物生长的能量分配，壳形成，和繁殖。在严重的情况下,长期暴露于缺氧会导致双壳类动物大量死亡.此外，缺氧对双壳类动物对捕食者的免疫和反应也有不利影响，包括埋葬深度的减少，对捕食者的敏感性，byssus生产受损，并对完整性产生负面影响，力量,和双壳贝壳的组成。双壳类动物对缺氧的耐受性在很大程度上取决于大小和物种，较大的双壳类更容易缺氧，潮间带物种对缺氧的耐受性相对更强。本文的信息对于阐明双壳类动物缺氧的研究现状和确定未来的研究方向非常有用。
