Abstract：
It is widely accepted that humans are constantly exposed to micro-plastics and nano-plastics through various routes, including inhalation of airborne particles, exposure to dust, and consumption of food and water. It is estimated that humans may consume thousand to millions of micro-plastic particles, equating to several milligrams per day. Prolonged exposure to micro-plastics and nano-plastics has been linked to negative effects on different living organisms, including neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity, and developmental toxicities. The main purpose of this review is to explore the effect of micro-plastics and nano-plastics on the male and female reproductive system, as well as their offspring, and the associated mechanism implicated in the reproductive and developmental toxicities. Micro-plastics and nano-plastics have been shown to exert negative effects on the reproductive system of both male and female mammals and aquatic animals, including developmental impacts on gonads, gametes, embryo, and their subsequent generation. In addition, micro-plastics and nano-plastics impact the hypothalamic-pituitary axes, leading to oxidative stress, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, developmental abnormalities, poor sperm quality, diminishes ovarian ovulation and immune toxicity. This study discusses the so many different signaling pathways associated in the male and female reproductive and developmental toxicity induced by micro-plastics and nano-plastics.
摘要：
人们普遍认为，人类不断通过各种途径接触微塑料和纳米塑料，包括吸入空气中的颗粒，暴露在灰尘中，食物和水的消耗。据估计，人类可能会消耗成千上万的微塑料颗粒，相当于每天几毫克。长期接触微塑料和纳米塑料与对不同生物体的负面影响有关，包括神经毒性,胃肠道毒性,肾毒性，和肝毒性，和发育毒性。这篇综述的主要目的是探讨微塑料和纳米塑料对男性和女性生殖系统的影响，以及他们的后代，以及与生殖和发育毒性有关的相关机制。微塑料和纳米塑料已被证明对雄性和雌性哺乳动物和水生动物的生殖系统产生负面影响，包括对性腺的发育影响，配子,胚胎,和他们的后代。此外,微塑料和纳米塑料影响下丘脑-垂体轴，导致氧化应激，生殖毒性，神经毒性，细胞毒性，发育异常，精子质量差，减少卵巢排卵和免疫毒性。本研究讨论了由微塑料和纳米塑料引起的男性和女性生殖和发育毒性相关的许多不同的信号通路。
