Abstract：
The widespread application of herbicides raises concerns about their impact on non-target aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of a commercially available herbicide formulation containing Bromoxynil+MCPA (2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) on Cirrhinus mrigala (economically significant fish). A total of 210 juvenile fish were subjected to a triplicate experimental setup, with 70 fish allocated to each replicate, exposed to seven different concentrations of herbicide: 0 mg/L, 0.133 mg/L, 0.266 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 0.66 mg/L, and 0.8 mg/L, respectively, for a duration of 96 h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined to be 0.4 mg/L. Significant hematological alterations were observed, including decreases in RBC counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and lymphocyte counts, along with an increase in erythrocyte indices. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated levels of neutrophils, WBCs, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, and glucose in treated groups. Morphological abnormalities in erythrocytes and histopathological changes in gills, liver, and kidneys were noted. Pathological alterations in gills, liver and kidneys including epithelial cell uplifting, lamellar fusion, hepatolysis, and renal tubule degeneration were observed. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance), ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), and POD (Peroxides) activity increased, while antioxidant enzymatic activities decreased as toxicant doses increased from low to high concentrations. The study reveals that Bromoxynil+MCPA significantly disrupts physiological and hematobiochemical parameters in Cirrhinus mrigala, which highlights the substantial aquatic risks. In conclusion, the herbicide formulation induced significant alterations in various fish biomarkers, emphasizing their pivotal role in assessing the environmental impact of toxicity. This multi-biomarker approach offers valuable insights regarding the toxicological effects, thereby contributing substantially to the comprehensive evaluation of environmental hazards.
摘要：
除草剂的广泛应用引起了人们对其对非目标水生生物的影响的担忧。这项研究旨在评估含有溴苯腈MCPA（2-甲基-4-氯苯氧基乙酸）的市售除草剂制剂对Cirrhinusmrigala（具有经济意义的鱼类）的毒性。总共对210条幼鱼进行了一式三份的实验设置，每个复制品分配了70条鱼，暴露于七种不同浓度的除草剂：0毫克/升，0.133mg/L,0.266mg/L，0.4mg/L,0.5mg/L,0.66mg/L,和0.8毫克/升，分别,持续96小时。确定的中位致死浓度（LC50）为0.4mg/L。观察到明显的血液学改变，包括红细胞计数的减少，血红蛋白,血细胞比容,和淋巴细胞计数，随着红细胞指数的增加。生化分析显示中性粒细胞水平升高，WBC,胆红素,尿素,肌酐,ALT,AST,ALP,和葡萄糖在治疗组。红细胞的形态异常和ill的组织病理学变化，肝脏,并注意到肾脏。ill的病理改变，肝脏和肾脏，包括上皮细胞隆起，层状融合,肝溶解,观察到肾小管变性。氧化应激生物标志物，如TBARS（硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质），活性氧（ROS），POD（过氧化物）活性增加，而抗氧化酶活性随着有毒剂量从低浓度增加到高浓度而降低。该研究表明，溴苯腈MCPA显着破坏了Cirrhinusmrigala的生理和血液生化参数，这凸显了巨大的水生风险。总之,除草剂配方诱导了各种鱼类生物标志物的显著变化，强调它们在评估毒性对环境的影响方面的关键作用。这种多生物标志物方法提供了有关毒理学影响的宝贵见解，从而大大有助于环境危害的综合评价。
