PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles (BTs) are high-production volume chemicals as well as widely distributed emerging pollutants with potential health risk. However, information about human exposure to BTs and associated health outcomes is limited.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress.
METHODS: 165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2\'-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity.
RESULTS: The BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = - 17.54%; 95% CI: - 26.127, - 7.962).
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterise exposure to BTs among Czech men, including possible occupational exposure among firefighters, its predictors, and its associations with liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress.
METHODS: 165 participants (including 110 firefighters) provided urine and blood samples that were used to quantify the urinary levels of 8 BTs (high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry), and 4 liver enzymes, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and 8-hydroxy-2\'-deoxyguanosine. Linear regression was used to assess associations with population characteristics and biomarkers of liver function, serum lipids and oxidative stress. Regression models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and false discovery rate procedure was applied to account for multiplicity.
RESULTS: The BTs ranged from undetected up to 46.8 ng/mL. 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole was the most predominant compound (detection frequency 83%; median 1.95 ng/mL). 1-methyl-benzotriazole (1M-BTR) was measured in human samples for the first time, with a detection frequency 77% and median 1.75 ng/mL. Professional firefighters had lower urinary 1M-BTR compared to non-firefighters. Urinary 1M-BTR was associated with levels of γ-glutamyl transferase (β = - 17.54%; 95% CI: - 26.127, - 7.962).
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to investigate BT exposure in Central Europe, including potentially exposed firefighters. The findings showed a high prevalence of BTs in the study population, the relevance of 1M-BTR as a new biomarker of exposure, and an urgent need for further research into associated adverse health outcomes.
摘要：
背景：苯并三唑和苯并噻唑（BT）是高产量的化学品以及广泛分布的新兴污染物，具有潜在的健康风险。然而,关于人类暴露于BT和相关健康结果的信息有限.
目标：我们旨在描述捷克男性接触BT的特征，包括消防员可能的职业暴露，它的预测因素，以及它与肝功能的关系，血脂和氧化应激。
方法：165名参与者（包括110名消防员）提供了尿液和血液样本，用于量化8种BT的尿液水平（高效液相色谱-串联质谱法），和4种肝脏酶，胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白，和8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷。线性回归用于评估与人群特征和肝功能生物标志物的关联，血脂和氧化应激。针对潜在的混杂变量调整回归模型，并应用错误发现率程序来解释多重性。
结果：BT的范围从未检测到46.8ng/mL。2-羟基苯并噻唑是最主要的化合物(检测频率83%;中值1.95ng/mL)。1-甲基苯并三唑(1M-BTR)首次在人体样品中进行测定,检测频率为77%，中位数为1.75ng/mL。与非消防员相比，专业消防员的下尿路1M-BTR。尿1M-BTR与γ-谷氨酰转移酶水平相关(β=-17.54%;95%CI:-26.127,-7.962)。
结论：这是第一项调查中欧BT暴露的研究，包括可能暴露的消防员。研究结果表明，在研究人群中，BT的患病率很高，1M-BTR作为一种新的暴露生物标志物的相关性，以及迫切需要进一步研究相关的不良健康结果。
目标：我们旨在描述捷克男性接触BT的特征，包括消防员可能的职业暴露，它的预测因素，以及它与肝功能的关系，血脂和氧化应激。
方法：165名参与者（包括110名消防员）提供了尿液和血液样本，用于量化8种BT的尿液水平（高效液相色谱-串联质谱法），和4种肝脏酶，胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白，和8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷。线性回归用于评估与人群特征和肝功能生物标志物的关联，血脂和氧化应激。针对潜在的混杂变量调整回归模型，并应用错误发现率程序来解释多重性。
结果：BT的范围从未检测到46.8ng/mL。2-羟基苯并噻唑是最主要的化合物(检测频率83%;中值1.95ng/mL)。1-甲基苯并三唑(1M-BTR)首次在人体样品中进行测定,检测频率为77%，中位数为1.75ng/mL。与非消防员相比，专业消防员的下尿路1M-BTR。尿1M-BTR与γ-谷氨酰转移酶水平相关(β=-17.54%;95%CI:-26.127,-7.962)。
结论：这是第一项调查中欧BT暴露的研究，包括可能暴露的消防员。研究结果表明，在研究人群中，BT的患病率很高，1M-BTR作为一种新的暴露生物标志物的相关性，以及迫切需要进一步研究相关的不良健康结果。
