PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The history of virology, which is marked by transformative breakthroughs, spans microbiology, biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology. From the development of Jenner\'s smallpox vaccine in 1796 to 20th-century innovations such as ultrafiltration and electron microscopy, the field of virology has undergone significant development. In 1898, Beijerinck laid the conceptual foundation for virology, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of the discipline. Advancements in influenza A virus research in 1933 by Richard Shope furthered our understanding of respiratory pathogens. Additionally, in 1935, Stanley\'s determination of viruses as solid particles provided substantial progress in the field of virology. Key milestones include elucidation of reverse transcriptase by Baltimore and Temin in 1970, late 20th-century revelations linking viruses and cancer, and the discovery of HIV by Sinoussi, Montagnier, and Gallo in 1983, which has since shaped AIDS research. In the 21st century, breakthroughs such as gene technology, mRNA vaccines, and phage display tools were achieved in virology, demonstrating its potential for integration with molecular biology. The achievements of COVID-19 vaccines highlight the adaptability of virology to global health.
摘要：
病毒学的历史,以变革性突破为标志，跨越微生物学，生物化学,遗传学,和分子生物学。从1796年詹纳天花疫苗的发展到20世纪的超滤和电子显微镜等创新，病毒学领域经历了重大发展。1898年，Beijerinck为病毒学奠定了概念基础，标志着学科发展的关键时刻。RichardShope在1933年对甲型流感病毒研究的进展进一步加深了我们对呼吸道病原体的理解。此外,1935年，斯坦利将病毒确定为固体颗粒，为病毒学领域提供了实质性进展。关键的里程碑包括巴尔的摩和Temin在1970年阐明了逆转录酶，20世纪末发现了病毒和癌症的联系，以及Sinoussi发现的艾滋病毒，Montagnier,和1983年的加洛，此后一直影响着艾滋病的研究。在21世纪,基因技术等突破，mRNA疫苗，和噬菌体展示工具在病毒学中实现，展示了其与分子生物学整合的潜力。COVID-19疫苗的成就凸显了病毒学对全球健康的适应性。
