PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The lung microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that colonize the respiratory tract of individuals from, or even before, birth. Although the lungs were traditionally believed to be sterile, recent research has shown that there is a diversity of bacterial species in the respiratory system. Knowledge about the lung microbiota in newborns and its relationship with bacterial infections is of vital importance to understand the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases in neonatal patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. In this article, the current evidence on the composition of the lung microbiota in newborns will be reviewed, as well as the risks that an altered microbiota can impose on premature newborns. Although advances in neonatal intensive care units have significantly improved the survival rate of preterm infants, the diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia has not progressed in recent decades. Avoiding dysbiosis caused by inappropriate use of antibiotics around birth, as well as avoiding intubation of patients or promoting early removal of endotracheal tubes, are among the most important preventive measures for ventilator-associated pneumonia. The potential benefit of probiotics and prebiotics in preventing infectious, allergic or metabolic complications in the short or long term is not clearly established and constitutes a very important field of research in perinatal medicine.
摘要：
肺部微生物群是一个复杂的微生物群落，定植于个体的呼吸道，甚至之前，出生。尽管传统上认为肺是无菌的，最近的研究表明，呼吸系统中的细菌种类多种多样。了解新生儿肺部菌群及其与细菌感染的关系对了解机械通气新生儿呼吸系统疾病的发病机制至关重要。在这篇文章中,将审查有关新生儿肺部微生物群组成的当前证据，以及微生物群改变可能对早产儿造成的风险。尽管新生儿重症监护病房的进步显著提高了早产儿的存活率,呼吸机相关性肺炎的诊断和治疗近几十年来没有进展.避免出生前后不适当使用抗生素引起的菌群失调，以及避免患者插管或促进气管导管的早期拔除，是呼吸机相关性肺炎最重要的预防措施之一。益生菌和益生元在预防感染方面的潜在益处，短期或长期的过敏性或代谢性并发症尚未明确确定，并且是围产医学研究的一个非常重要的领域。
