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Abstract：
The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between moral sensitivity, empathy, and caring behaviors and to explore the mediating effect of empathy on moral sensitivity and caring behaviors of nursing interns.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to September 2022 in which 261 nursing interns from two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi\'an participated. The questionnaires used in the survey include the General Information Questionnaire (GIQ), the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised Version translated into Chinese (MSQ R-CV), the Chinese version of the Jefferson Empathy Scale (JSE), and the Chinese version of the Caring Behavior Inventory (C-CBI). The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson\'s correlation coefficient, and the mediating effect of empathy was tested through structural equations.
The overall mean of moral sensitivity of nursing interns in two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi\'an is 40.84 ± 8.73, the overall mean of empathy is 100.51 ± 21.56, and the overall mean of caring behavior is (113.81 ± 21.05). Statistical analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between moral sensitivity and caring behavior of nursing interns (r = 0.376, p < 0.01), between their empathy and moral sensitivity (r = 0.336, p < 0.01), and between their empathy and caring behavior (r = 0.394, p < 0.01). The empathy of nursing interns has a mediated effect on the relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior. The mediated effect value was 0.14, accounting for 31.82% of the total effect.
The moral sensitivity of nursing interns can have a direct impact on predicting the caring behavior and indirect influences their caring behaviors mediated by empathy, with the latter effect being mediated by empathy. Therefore, nursing educators and hospital administrators should adopt targeted interventions to improve the moral sensitivity and empathy of nursing interns, which can further prove to be beneficial in improving their caring behaviors, leading to enhanced quality of nursing care and reduced nurse-patient conflicts and finally to a stabilized nursing team.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to September 2022 in which 261 nursing interns from two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi\'an participated. The questionnaires used in the survey include the General Information Questionnaire (GIQ), the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised Version translated into Chinese (MSQ R-CV), the Chinese version of the Jefferson Empathy Scale (JSE), and the Chinese version of the Caring Behavior Inventory (C-CBI). The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson\'s correlation coefficient, and the mediating effect of empathy was tested through structural equations.
The overall mean of moral sensitivity of nursing interns in two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi\'an is 40.84 ± 8.73, the overall mean of empathy is 100.51 ± 21.56, and the overall mean of caring behavior is (113.81 ± 21.05). Statistical analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between moral sensitivity and caring behavior of nursing interns (r = 0.376, p < 0.01), between their empathy and moral sensitivity (r = 0.336, p < 0.01), and between their empathy and caring behavior (r = 0.394, p < 0.01). The empathy of nursing interns has a mediated effect on the relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior. The mediated effect value was 0.14, accounting for 31.82% of the total effect.
The moral sensitivity of nursing interns can have a direct impact on predicting the caring behavior and indirect influences their caring behaviors mediated by empathy, with the latter effect being mediated by empathy. Therefore, nursing educators and hospital administrators should adopt targeted interventions to improve the moral sensitivity and empathy of nursing interns, which can further prove to be beneficial in improving their caring behaviors, leading to enhanced quality of nursing care and reduced nurse-patient conflicts and finally to a stabilized nursing team.
摘要：
■这项研究的主要目的是分析道德敏感性之间的关系，同理心,探讨共情在护理实习生道德敏感性和关怀行为中的中介作用。
■2022年8月至9月进行了一项横断面调查，来自西安两家三甲医院的261名护理实习生参加了调查。调查中使用的问卷包括一般信息问卷(GIQ)，道德敏感性问卷修订版翻译成中文(MSQR-CV)，杰斐逊移情量表(JSE)的中文版，和中文版的关怀行为清单(C-CBI)。对所得数据进行描述性统计分析,单向方差分析(ANOVA)，和皮尔逊相关系数，通过结构方程检验了移情的中介效应。
■西安市两所三甲医院护理实习生的道德敏感性总体均值为40.84±8.73，共情总体均值为100.51±21.56，关怀行为总体均值为(113.81±21.05)。统计分析表明,实习护生的道德敏感性与关怀行为呈正相关(r=0.376,p<0.01),他们的同理心和道德敏感性(r=0.336，p<0.01)，他们的同理心和关怀行为之间(r=0.394，p<0.01)。护理实习生的同理心对道德敏感性与关怀行为之间的关系具有中介作用。介导效应值为0.14,占总效应的31.82%。
■护理实习生的道德敏感性对预测护理行为有直接影响，间接影响其通过移情介导的护理行为，后者的作用是由移情介导的。因此,护理教育工作者和医院管理者应采取有针对性的干预措施，提高护理实习生的道德敏感性和同理心，这可以进一步证明对改善他们的关怀行为是有益的，提高护理质量，减少护患冲突，最终稳定护理团队。
■2022年8月至9月进行了一项横断面调查，来自西安两家三甲医院的261名护理实习生参加了调查。调查中使用的问卷包括一般信息问卷(GIQ)，道德敏感性问卷修订版翻译成中文(MSQR-CV)，杰斐逊移情量表(JSE)的中文版，和中文版的关怀行为清单(C-CBI)。对所得数据进行描述性统计分析,单向方差分析(ANOVA)，和皮尔逊相关系数，通过结构方程检验了移情的中介效应。
■西安市两所三甲医院护理实习生的道德敏感性总体均值为40.84±8.73，共情总体均值为100.51±21.56，关怀行为总体均值为(113.81±21.05)。统计分析表明,实习护生的道德敏感性与关怀行为呈正相关(r=0.376,p<0.01),他们的同理心和道德敏感性(r=0.336，p<0.01)，他们的同理心和关怀行为之间(r=0.394，p<0.01)。护理实习生的同理心对道德敏感性与关怀行为之间的关系具有中介作用。介导效应值为0.14,占总效应的31.82%。
■护理实习生的道德敏感性对预测护理行为有直接影响，间接影响其通过移情介导的护理行为，后者的作用是由移情介导的。因此,护理教育工作者和医院管理者应采取有针对性的干预措施，提高护理实习生的道德敏感性和同理心，这可以进一步证明对改善他们的关怀行为是有益的，提高护理质量，减少护患冲突，最终稳定护理团队。
