Abstract：
Developing vehicle finite element (FE) models that match real accident-involved vehicles is challenging. This is related to the intricate variety of geometric features and components. The current study proposes a novel method to efficiently and accurately generate case-specific buck models for car-to-pedestrian simulations. To achieve this, we implemented the vehicle side-view images to detect the horizontal position and roundness of two wheels to rectify distortions and deviations and then extracted the mid-section profiles for comparative calculations against baseline vehicle models to obtain the transformation matrices. Based on the generic buck model which consists of six key components and corresponding matrices, the case-specific buck model was generated semi-automatically based on the transformation metrics. Utilizing this image-based method, a total of 12 vehicle models representing four vehicle categories including family car (FCR), Roadster (RDS), small Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV), and large SUV were generated for car-to-pedestrian collision FE simulations in this study. The pedestrian head trajectories, total contact forces, head injury criterion (HIC), and brain injury criterion (BrIC) were analyzed comparatively. We found that, even within the same vehicle category and initial conditions, the variation in wrap around distance (WAD) spans 84-165 mm, in HIC ranges from 98 to 336, and in BrIC fluctuates between 1.25 and 1.46. These findings highlight the significant influence of vehicle frontal shape and underscore the necessity of using case-specific vehicle models in crash simulations. The proposed method provides a new approach for further vehicle structure optimization aiming at reducing pedestrian head injury and increasing traffic safety.
摘要：
开发与真正涉及事故的车辆匹配的车辆有限元（FE）模型具有挑战性。这与复杂多样的几何特征和部件有关。当前的研究提出了一种新颖的方法，可以有效，准确地生成针对汽车到行人模拟的特定案例降压模型。为了实现这一点，我们实施了车辆侧视图，以检测两个车轮的水平位置和圆度，以纠正扭曲和偏差，然后提取中间部分轮廓，用于与基线车辆模型进行比较计算，以获得变换矩阵。基于由六个关键组件和相应矩阵组成的通用降压模型，具体案例的降压模型是根据转换指标半自动生成的。利用这种基于图像的方法，共有12种车型，代表包括家用汽车（FCR）在内的四个车辆类别，跑车(RDS),小型运动型多功能车（SUV），在这项研究中，为汽车与行人碰撞有限元模拟生成了大型SUV。行人头部轨迹，总接触力,头部损伤标准(HIC),并对脑损伤标准(BrIC)进行了比较分析。我们发现,即使在相同的车辆类别和初始条件下，环绕距离(WAD)的变化范围为84-165毫米，HIC的范围为98至336，BrIC的范围为1.25至1.46。这些发现突出了车辆正面形状的重大影响，并强调了在碰撞模拟中使用特定案例的车辆模型的必要性。所提出的方法为进一步的车辆结构优化提供了一种新的方法，旨在减少行人头部伤害并提高交通安全。
