Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Diet largely impacts the gut microbiota, and may affect mental and somatic health via the gut-brain axis. As such, the relationship between diet and the microbiota in Bipolar Disorder (BD) could be of importance, but has not been studied before. The aim was therefore to assess whether dietary quality is associated with the gut microbiota diversity in patients with recently diagnosed BD, and whether changes occur in dietary quality and microbiota diversity during their first year of treatment.
METHODS: Seventy recently (<1 year) diagnosed patients with BD were included in the \"Bipolar Netherlands Cohort\" (BINCO), and a total of 45 participants were assessed after one year. A 203-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) data yielded the Dutch Healthy index (DHD-15), and the microbiota composition and diversity of fecal samples were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Associations and changes over time were analyzed using multivariate regression analyses and t-tests for paired samples.
RESULTS: Included patients had a mean age of 34.9 years (SD ± 11.2), and 58.6 % was female. Alpha diversity (Shannon diversity index), richness (Chao1 index) and evenness (Pielou\'s Evenness Index) were positively associated with the DHD-15 total score, after adjustment for sex, age and educational level (beta = 0.55; P < 0.001, beta = 0.39; P = 0.024, beta = 0.54; P = 0.001 respectively). The positive correlations were largely driven by the combined positive effect of fish, beans, fruits and nuts, and inverse correlations with alcohol and processed meats. No significant changes were found in DHD-15 total score, nor in microbiota diversity, richness and evenness indexes during one year follow-up and regular treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: A healthy and varied diet is associated with the diversity of the microbiota in BD patients. Its potential consequences for maintaining mood stability and overall health should be studied further.
METHODS: Seventy recently (<1 year) diagnosed patients with BD were included in the \"Bipolar Netherlands Cohort\" (BINCO), and a total of 45 participants were assessed after one year. A 203-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) data yielded the Dutch Healthy index (DHD-15), and the microbiota composition and diversity of fecal samples were characterized by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Associations and changes over time were analyzed using multivariate regression analyses and t-tests for paired samples.
RESULTS: Included patients had a mean age of 34.9 years (SD ± 11.2), and 58.6 % was female. Alpha diversity (Shannon diversity index), richness (Chao1 index) and evenness (Pielou\'s Evenness Index) were positively associated with the DHD-15 total score, after adjustment for sex, age and educational level (beta = 0.55; P < 0.001, beta = 0.39; P = 0.024, beta = 0.54; P = 0.001 respectively). The positive correlations were largely driven by the combined positive effect of fish, beans, fruits and nuts, and inverse correlations with alcohol and processed meats. No significant changes were found in DHD-15 total score, nor in microbiota diversity, richness and evenness indexes during one year follow-up and regular treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: A healthy and varied diet is associated with the diversity of the microbiota in BD patients. Its potential consequences for maintaining mood stability and overall health should be studied further.
摘要：
背景：饮食在很大程度上影响肠道微生物群，并可能通过肠-脑轴影响精神和躯体健康。因此，在双相情感障碍（BD）中，饮食与微生物群之间的关系可能很重要，但以前没有研究过。因此，目的是评估最近诊断为BD的患者的饮食质量是否与肠道微生物群多样性相关。以及在治疗的第一年，饮食质量和微生物群多样性是否发生变化。
方法：“荷兰双极队列”（BINCO）中包括70名最近（<1年）诊断为BD的患者，共45名参与者在1年后接受了评估.203项食物频率问卷(FFQ)数据产生了荷兰健康指数(DHD-15)，在基线和1年随访时，通过16SrRNA基因扩增子测序对粪便样品的微生物组成和多样性进行了表征。使用配对样品的多变量回归分析和t检验分析随时间的关联和变化。
结果：纳入患者的平均年龄为34.9岁（SD±11.2），58.6%为女性。Alpha多样性(Shannon多样性指数),丰富度(Chao1指数)和均匀度(Pielou均匀度指数)与DHD-15总分呈正相关，在性别调整后，年龄和受教育程度(β=0.55;P<0.001,β=0.39;P=0.024,β=0.54;P=0.001)。正相关在很大程度上是由鱼类的综合正效应驱动的，豆子,水果和坚果,与酒精和加工肉类呈负相关。DHD-15总分无明显变化,微生物群多样性也没有，一年随访和常规治疗期间的丰富度和均匀度指数。
结论：健康和多样化的饮食与BD患者的微生物群多样性有关。应进一步研究其对维持情绪稳定和整体健康的潜在影响。
方法：“荷兰双极队列”（BINCO）中包括70名最近（<1年）诊断为BD的患者，共45名参与者在1年后接受了评估.203项食物频率问卷(FFQ)数据产生了荷兰健康指数(DHD-15)，在基线和1年随访时，通过16SrRNA基因扩增子测序对粪便样品的微生物组成和多样性进行了表征。使用配对样品的多变量回归分析和t检验分析随时间的关联和变化。
结果：纳入患者的平均年龄为34.9岁（SD±11.2），58.6%为女性。Alpha多样性(Shannon多样性指数),丰富度(Chao1指数)和均匀度(Pielou均匀度指数)与DHD-15总分呈正相关，在性别调整后，年龄和受教育程度(β=0.55;P<0.001,β=0.39;P=0.024,β=0.54;P=0.001)。正相关在很大程度上是由鱼类的综合正效应驱动的，豆子,水果和坚果,与酒精和加工肉类呈负相关。DHD-15总分无明显变化,微生物群多样性也没有，一年随访和常规治疗期间的丰富度和均匀度指数。
结论：健康和多样化的饮食与BD患者的微生物群多样性有关。应进一步研究其对维持情绪稳定和整体健康的潜在影响。
