Abstract：
Human milk, which contains various nutrients, is the \"gold standard\" for infant nutrition. Healthy human milk meets all the nutritional needs of early infant development. Polar lipids mainly exist in the milk fat globule membrane, accounting for approximately 1-2% of human milk lipids; sphingomyelin (SM) accounts for approximately 21-24% of polar lipids. SM plays an important role in promoting the development of the brain and nervous system, regulating intestinal flora, and improving skin barriers. Though SM could be synthesized de novo, SM nutrition from dietary is also important for infants. The content and composition of SM in human milk has been reported, however, the molecular mechanisms of nutritional functions of SM for infants required further research. This review summarizes the functional mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and compositional, influencing factors, and mimicking of SM in human milk, and highlights the challenges of improving maternal and infant early/long-term nutrition.
摘要：
人乳,含有各种营养素，是婴儿营养的“黄金标准”。健康的人乳满足早期婴儿发育的所有营养需求。极性脂质主要存在于乳脂球膜中，约占人乳脂质的1-2%;鞘磷脂(SM)约占极性脂质的21-24%。SM在促进大脑和神经系统的发育中起着重要作用，调节肠道菌群，改善皮肤屏障。虽然SM可以从头合成，饮食中的SM营养对婴儿也很重要。已经报道了人乳中SM的含量和组成，然而,婴儿SM营养功能的分子机制需要进一步研究。这篇综述总结了功能机制，代谢途径，和组成，影响因素，模仿人乳中的SM，并强调改善母婴早期/长期营养的挑战。
