PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Given the growing evidence on the health benefits associated with physical literacy (PL), it is necessary to develop sound measures to assess the levels of PL in children. The Physical Literacy in Children Questionnaire (PL-C Quest) is the first self-report pictorial-based scale to assess children\'s perceived PL. It has good validity and reliability in Australian children aged 7 to 12 years, but little is known in younger children and in other cultural contexts. The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability in an expanded age range.
METHODS: A total of 1,870 Chinese children (girls, n = 871; 46.6%), aged 4 to 12 years (M = 8.07 ± 2.42) participated in validity testing. Structural equation modeling with the Weighted Least Squares with Mean and Variance approach was used to assess construct validity. The hypothesized theoretical model used the 30 items and four hypothesized factors: physical, psychological, social and cognitive capabilities. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess sex and age group (4-6 years, 7-9 years and 10-12 years) measurement invariance. Internal consistency analyses were conducted using polychoric alpha. A random subsample (n = 262) was selected to determine test-retest reliability using Intra-Class Correlations (ICC).
RESULTS: All items except one (moving with equipment-skateboarding) loaded on sub-domains with λ > 0.45. The hypothesized model had a good fit (CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.042), with measurement equivalence across sex and age groups separately. Internal consistency values were good to excellent (overall: α = 0.94; physical: α = 0.86; psychological: α = 0.83; social: α = 0.81; cognitive: α = 0.86). Test-retest reliability was adequate to excellent (overall: ICC = 0.90, physical: ICC = 0.86, psychological: ICC = 0.75, social: ICC = 0.71, cognitive: ICC = 0.72).
CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the PL-C Quest is valid and reliable for testing the self-reported PL of Chinese children aged 4 to 12. This study provides the first evidence of validity for this tool in children aged 4-6 years and also evidence that the PL-C Quest would be a meaningful instrument to assess PL in Chinese children.
METHODS: A total of 1,870 Chinese children (girls, n = 871; 46.6%), aged 4 to 12 years (M = 8.07 ± 2.42) participated in validity testing. Structural equation modeling with the Weighted Least Squares with Mean and Variance approach was used to assess construct validity. The hypothesized theoretical model used the 30 items and four hypothesized factors: physical, psychological, social and cognitive capabilities. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess sex and age group (4-6 years, 7-9 years and 10-12 years) measurement invariance. Internal consistency analyses were conducted using polychoric alpha. A random subsample (n = 262) was selected to determine test-retest reliability using Intra-Class Correlations (ICC).
RESULTS: All items except one (moving with equipment-skateboarding) loaded on sub-domains with λ > 0.45. The hypothesized model had a good fit (CFI = 0.954, TLI = 0.950, RMSEA = 0.042), with measurement equivalence across sex and age groups separately. Internal consistency values were good to excellent (overall: α = 0.94; physical: α = 0.86; psychological: α = 0.83; social: α = 0.81; cognitive: α = 0.86). Test-retest reliability was adequate to excellent (overall: ICC = 0.90, physical: ICC = 0.86, psychological: ICC = 0.75, social: ICC = 0.71, cognitive: ICC = 0.72).
CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the PL-C Quest is valid and reliable for testing the self-reported PL of Chinese children aged 4 to 12. This study provides the first evidence of validity for this tool in children aged 4-6 years and also evidence that the PL-C Quest would be a meaningful instrument to assess PL in Chinese children.
摘要：
背景：鉴于越来越多的证据表明与体格素养（PL）相关的健康益处，有必要制定合理的措施来评估儿童的PL水平。儿童身体素养问卷（PL-CQuest）是第一个基于图像的自我报告量表，用于评估儿童的感知PL。它在澳大利亚7至12岁儿童中具有良好的效度和可靠性，但是在年幼的孩子和其他文化背景下鲜为人知。这项研究的目的是检查扩展年龄范围内的有效性和可靠性。
方法：共有1,870名中国儿童（女孩，n=871；46.6%)，4~12岁(M=8.07±2.42)参加效度测试。使用加权最小二乘均值和方差方法的结构方程模型来评估构造有效性。假设的理论模型使用了30个项目和四个假设因素：物理，心理,社会和认知能力。采用多组验证性因素分析评估性别和年龄组(4-6岁，7-9年和10-12年)的测量不变性。使用polychoricα进行内部一致性分析。选择随机子样本（n=262）来确定使用类内相关性（ICC）的重测可靠性。
结果：在λ>0.45的子域上加载的所有项目（与设备一起移动-滑板）除外。假设模型具有良好的拟合(CFI=0.954,TLI=0.950,RMSEA=0.042),不同性别和年龄组的测量等效。内部一致性值良好至优秀（总体：α=0.94；身体：α=0.86；心理：α=0.83；社会：α=0.81；认知：α=0.86）。重测可靠性足以达到出色（总体：ICC=0.90，身体：ICC=0.86，心理：ICC=0.75，社会：ICC=0.71，认知：ICC=0.72）。
结论：中文版PL-CQuest对于4至12岁中国儿童的自我报告PL测试是有效且可靠的。这项研究为该工具在4-6岁儿童中的有效性提供了第一个证据，也证明了PL-CQuest将是评估中国儿童PL的有意义的工具。
方法：共有1,870名中国儿童（女孩，n=871；46.6%)，4~12岁(M=8.07±2.42)参加效度测试。使用加权最小二乘均值和方差方法的结构方程模型来评估构造有效性。假设的理论模型使用了30个项目和四个假设因素：物理，心理,社会和认知能力。采用多组验证性因素分析评估性别和年龄组(4-6岁，7-9年和10-12年)的测量不变性。使用polychoricα进行内部一致性分析。选择随机子样本（n=262）来确定使用类内相关性（ICC）的重测可靠性。
结果：在λ>0.45的子域上加载的所有项目（与设备一起移动-滑板）除外。假设模型具有良好的拟合(CFI=0.954,TLI=0.950,RMSEA=0.042),不同性别和年龄组的测量等效。内部一致性值良好至优秀（总体：α=0.94；身体：α=0.86；心理：α=0.83；社会：α=0.81；认知：α=0.86）。重测可靠性足以达到出色（总体：ICC=0.90，身体：ICC=0.86，心理：ICC=0.75，社会：ICC=0.71，认知：ICC=0.72）。
结论：中文版PL-CQuest对于4至12岁中国儿童的自我报告PL测试是有效且可靠的。这项研究为该工具在4-6岁儿童中的有效性提供了第一个证据，也证明了PL-CQuest将是评估中国儿童PL的有意义的工具。
