Abstract：
Excessive use of tetracycline antibiotics in poultry farming results in significant concentrations of these drugs and tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs) in chicken manure, impacting both environmental and human health. Our research represents the first investigation into the removal dynamics of chlortetracycline (CTC) and TRGs in different layers of an ex situ fermentation system (EFS) for chicken waste treatment. By pinpointing and analyzing dominant TRGs-harboring bacteria and their interactions with environmental variables, we\'ve closed an existing knowledge gap. Findings revealed that CTC\'s degradation half-lives spanned 3.3-5.8 days across different EFS layers, and TRG removal efficiency ranged between 86.82% and 99.52%. Network analysis highlighted Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria\'s essential roles in TRGs elimination, whereas Chloroflexi broadened the potential TRG hosts in the lower layer. Physical and chemical conditions within the EFS influenced microbial community diversity, subsequently impacting TRGs and integrons. Importantly, our study reports that the middle EFS layer exhibited superior performance in eliminating CTC and key TRGs (tetW, tetG, and tetX) as well as intI2. Our work transcends immediate health and environmental remediation by offering insights that encourage sustainable agriculture practices.
摘要：
在家禽养殖中过度使用四环素类抗生素会导致鸡粪中这些药物和四环素抗性基因（TRGs）的显着浓度，影响环境和人类健康。我们的研究代表了对用于鸡肉废物处理的非原位发酵系统（EFS）不同层中金霉素（CTC）和TRG的去除动力学的首次研究。通过精确定位和分析携带TRGs的优势细菌及其与环境变量的相互作用，我们已经缩小了现有的知识差距。研究结果表明，CTC的降解半衰期在不同的EFS层中跨越3.3-5.8天，TRG去除率在86.82%~99.52%之间。网络分析强调了变形菌和放线菌在消除TRGs中的重要作用，而Chlooflexi拓宽了下层潜在的TRG宿主。EFS内的物理和化学条件影响了微生物群落的多样性，随后影响TRG和积分。重要的是,我们的研究报告说，中间EFS层在消除CTC和关键TRG方面表现出卓越的性能(tetW，tetG,和tetX)以及intI2。通过提供鼓励可持续农业实践的见解，我们的工作超越了即时的健康和环境修复。
