Abstract：
Drawing on five waves of longitudinal survey data (N = 520, 51% female, 39% with a university degree, 90% White), this study examined trajectories of women\'s and men\'s contributions to cooking, kitchen cleaning, grocery shopping, house cleaning, laundry, and overall housework from Age 25 to 50 years and explored time-invariant (traditional gender role attitudes, homemaker mother, mother and father education assessed at Age 18) and time-varying (raising children at Ages 25, 32, 43, and 50 years) predictors of housework trajectories. Growth curve analyses revealed that women contributed more to all housework tasks than men at Age 25, a gender gap maintained to Age 50. Housework increased to Age 32 and stabilized until Age 43 before declining by Age 50 for women\'s and men\'s laundry, women\'s kitchen cleaning, grocery shopping, and overall housework, and men\'s house cleaning. There was no change in women\'s and men\'s trajectory of cooking meals, women\'s house cleaning, and men\'s contributions to kitchen cleaning, grocery shopping, and overall housework. Traditional gender role attitudes, having a homemaker mother, and mother\'s and father\'s education inconsistently predicted women\'s and men\'s trajectories. Raising children, however, was consistently linked with within-person fluctuations in housework. When raising children, women contributed more than average to housework, whereas when men were raising children, they contributed less than normal. The results highlight a gendered pattern of housework evident in the twenties and persisting well into midlife, with parenthood widening the gap. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
摘要：
利用五波纵向调查数据(N=520，51%女性，39%拥有大学学位，90%白色),这项研究调查了女性和男性对烹饪的贡献轨迹，厨房清洁,杂货店购物，打扫房子,洗衣房,和年龄从25岁到50岁的整体家务，并探索了时间不变(传统的性别角色态度，家庭主妇的母亲，在18岁时评估的母亲和父亲教育）和随时间变化的（在25、32、43和50岁抚养孩子）预测家务劳动轨迹。增长曲线分析显示，在25岁时，女性对所有家务劳动的贡献要大于男性，性别差距一直保持到50岁。家务劳动增加到32岁，稳定到43岁，然后下降到50岁，女性和男性的洗衣，妇女的厨房清洁，杂货店购物，和整个家务劳动，和男人的房子打扫。男女做饭的轨迹没有变化，妇女的房子打扫，和男人对厨房清洁的贡献，杂货店购物，和整体家务。传统的性别角色态度，有一个家庭主妇的母亲，母亲和父亲的教育不一致地预测女性和男性的轨迹。抚养孩子,然而,一直与家务中的人内波动有关。在抚养孩子的时候，女性对家务的贡献超过平均水平，而当男人抚养孩子时，他们的贡献低于正常水平。结果突显了20年代明显的家务劳动的性别模式，并一直持续到中年，父母身份拉大了差距。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2024APA，保留所有权利)。
