Abstract：
Objectives: This study aimed to explore the associations of growth and body composition with gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm infants. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study including 73 human milk-fed very preterm infants was conducted. During hospitalization, fecal samples were collected to detect microbes and metabolites using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Growth and body composition indices were measured at term equivalent age (TEA) and 6 months of corrected age (CA). Associations of the fecal microbiome and metabolome profiles with growth and body composition indices, as well as their changes, were analyzed. Results: A higher abundance of Streptococcus was associated with a lower fat-free mass (FFM) z-score at 6 months of CA (p = 0.002) and a smaller increase in FFM z-score from TEA to 6 months of CA (p = 0.018). Higher levels of 3\'-sialyllactose and 6\'-sialyllactose (6\'-SL) in feces were correlated with a lower z-score of percentage body fat (PBF) (p = 0.018 and 0.020, respectively) and a lower z-score of fat mass (p = 0.044 and 0.043, respectively) at 6 months of CA. A higher level of 6\'-SL in feces was correlated with a greater increase in FFM z-score from TEA to 6 months of CA (p = 0.021). Conclusions: This study sheds light on the role of specific microbial-host interactions in metabolic changes in preterm infants, indicating the potential role of sialylated human milk oligosaccharides in optimizing body composition.
摘要：
目的：本研究旨在探讨早产儿生长和身体成分与肠道微生物组和代谢组的关系。材料和方法：进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，包括73名人乳喂养的早产儿。住院期间,使用16SrRNA基因测序和液相色谱-质谱联用技术收集粪便样品以检测微生物和代谢产物。在足月等效年龄（TEA）和6个月校正年龄（CA）测量生长和身体组成指数。粪便微生物组和代谢组概况与生长和身体成分指数的关联，以及他们的变化，进行了分析。结果：较高的链球菌丰度与CA6个月时较低的无脂质量（FFM）z评分相关（p=0.002），而从TEA到CA6个月时FFMz评分的增加较小（p=0.018）。粪便中较高水平的3'-唾液酸乳糖和6'-唾液酸乳糖（6'-SL）与较低的体脂百分比（PBF）z评分相关（分别为p=0.018和0.020）和在CA6个月时较低的脂肪质量z评分（分别为p=0.044和0.043）。粪便中6'-SL的水平较高与从TEA到CA的6个月FFMz评分的增加有关（p=0.021）。结论：本研究揭示了特定微生物-宿主相互作用在早产儿代谢变化中的作用。表明唾液酸化的人乳寡糖在优化身体成分中的潜在作用。
