Abstract：
Vast and complex intestinal communities are regulated and balanced through interactions with their host organisms, and disruption of gut microbial balance can cause a variety of diseases. Studying the mechanisms of pathogenic intestinal flora in the host and early detection of bacterial translocation and colonization can guide clinical diagnosis, provide targeted treatments, and improve patient prognosis. The use of in vivo imaging techniques to track microorganisms in the intestine, and study structural and functional changes of both cells and proteins, may clarify the governing equilibrium between the flora and host. Despite the recent rapid development of in vivo imaging of intestinal microecology, determining the ideal methodology for clinical use remains a challenge. Advances in optics, computer technology, and molecular biology promise to expand the horizons of research and development, thereby providing exciting opportunities to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of gut microbiota and the origins of disease. Here, this study reviews the characteristics and problems associated with optical imaging techniques, including bioluminescence, conventional fluorescence, novel metabolic labeling methods, nanomaterials, intelligently activated imaging agents, and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. It hopes to provide a valuable theoretical basis for future bio-intelligent imaging of intestinal bacteria.
摘要：
庞大而复杂的肠道群落通过与宿主生物的相互作用来调节和平衡，肠道微生物平衡的破坏会导致多种疾病。研究宿主肠道菌群的致病机制,早期发现细菌易位和定植,可指导临床诊断,提供有针对性的治疗,改善患者预后。使用体内成像技术跟踪肠道中的微生物，研究细胞和蛋白质的结构和功能变化，可以阐明植物区系和宿主之间的支配平衡。尽管最近肠道微生态的体内成像发展迅速，确定临床使用的理想方法仍然是一个挑战.光学的进步，计算机技术,和分子生物学有望扩大研究和开发的视野，从而为研究肠道微生物群的时空动态和疾病的起源提供了令人兴奋的机会。这里,本研究回顾了与光学成像技术相关的特点和问题，包括生物发光，常规荧光，新的代谢标记方法，纳米材料，智能激活显像剂，和光声（PA）成像。希望为未来肠道细菌的生物智能成像提供有价值的理论依据。
