Abstract：
Seafood products are globally consumed, and there is an increasing demand for the quality and safety of these products among consumers. Some seafoods are easily contaminated by marine biotoxins in natural environments or cultured farming processes. When humans ingest different toxins accumulated in seafood, they may exhibit different poisoning symptoms. According to the investigations, marine toxins produced by harmful algal blooms and various other marine organisms mainly accumulate in the body organs such as liver and digestive tract of seafood animals. Several regions around the world have reported incidents of seafood poisoning by biotoxins, posing a threat to human health. Thus, most countries have legislated to specify the permissible levels of these biotoxins in seafood. Therefore, it is necessary for seafood producers and suppliers to conduct necessary testing of toxins in seafood before and after harvesting to prohibit excessive toxins containing seafood from entering the market, which therefore can reduce the occurrence of seafood poisoning incidents. In recent years, some technologies which can quickly, conveniently, and sensitively detect biological toxins in seafood, have been developed and validated, these technologies have the potential to help seafood producers, suppliers and regulatory authorities. This article reviews the seafood toxins sources and types, mechanism of action and bioaccumulation of marine toxins, as well as legislation and rapid detection technologies for biotoxins in seafood for official and fishermen supervision.
摘要：
海鲜产品被全球消费，消费者对这些产品的质量和安全性的需求越来越大。在自然环境或养殖养殖过程中，一些海鲜很容易受到海洋生物毒素的污染。当人类摄入海鲜中积累的不同毒素时，他们可能会表现出不同的中毒症状。根据调查,有害藻类和其他各种海洋生物产生的海洋毒素主要积聚在海鲜动物的肝脏和消化道等身体器官中。世界上有几个地区报道了生物毒素引起的海产品中毒事件,对人类健康构成威胁。因此，大多数国家已经立法规定了海鲜中这些生物毒素的允许水平。因此,海鲜生产商和供应商有必要在收获前后对海鲜中的毒素进行必要的测试，以禁止含有过量毒素的海鲜进入市场，因此可以减少海产品中毒事件的发生。近年来,一些技术可以快速，方便,灵敏地检测海鲜中的生物毒素，已经开发和验证，这些技术有可能帮助海鲜生产者，供应商和监管机构。本文综述了海鲜毒素的来源和种类,海洋毒素的作用机制和生物累积，以及官方和渔民监督的海鲜中生物毒素的立法和快速检测技术。
