Abstract：
Even at low concentrations, steroid hormones pose a significant threat to ecosystem health and are classified as micropollutants. Among these, 17β-estradiol (molecular formula: C18H24O2; pKa = 10.46; Log Kow = 4.01; solubility in water = 3.90 mg L-1 at 27 °C; molecular weight: 272.4 g mol-1) is extensively studied as an endocrine disruptor due to its release through natural pathways and widespread use in conventional medicine. 17β-estradiol (E2) is emitted by various sources, such as animal and human excretions, hospital and veterinary clinic effluents, and treatment plants. In aquatic biota, it can cause issues ranging from the feminization of males to inhibiting plant growth. This review aims to identify technologies for remediating E2 in water, revealing that materials like graphene oxides, nanocomposites, and carbonaceous materials are commonly used for adsorption. The pH of the medium, especially in acidic to neutral conditions, affects efficiency, and ambient temperature (298 K) supports the process. The Langmuir and Freundlich models aptly describe isothermal studies, with interactions being of a low-energy, physical nature. Adsorption faces limitations when other ions coexist in the solution. Hybrid treatments exhibit high removal efficiency. To mitigate global E2 pollution, establishing national and international standards with detailed guidelines for advanced treatment systems is crucial. Despite significant advancements in optimizing technologies by the scientific community, there remains a considerable gap in their societal application, primarily due to economic and sustainable factors. Therefore, further studies are necessary, including conducting batch experiments with these adsorbents for large-scale treatment along with economic analyses of the production process.
摘要：
即使浓度很低,类固醇激素对生态系统健康构成重大威胁，被归类为微污染物。其中,17β-雌二醇（分子式：C18H24O2；pKa=10.46；LogKow=4.01；在27°C下在水中的溶解度=3.90mgL-1；分子量：272.4gmol-1）被广泛研究为内分泌干扰物，因为它通过自然途径释放并广泛用于常规药物。17β-雌二醇（E2）由各种来源释放，比如动物和人类的排泄物,医院和兽医诊所的废水，和处理植物。在水生生物群中，它可能会导致从男性女性化到抑制植物生长的问题。这篇综述旨在确定修复水中E2的技术，揭示了像氧化石墨烯这样的材料，纳米复合材料，和含碳材料通常用于吸附。培养基的pH值,尤其是在酸性至中性条件下，影响效率，和环境温度（298K）支持该过程。Langmuir和Freundlich模型恰当地描述了等温研究，相互作用是低能量的，物理性质。当其他离子在溶液中共存时，吸附面临限制。混合处理表现出高的去除效率。为了减轻全球E2污染，建立国家和国际标准以及先进治疗系统的详细指南至关重要。尽管科学界在优化技术方面取得了重大进展，它们的社会应用仍然存在相当大的差距，主要是由于经济和可持续因素。因此,需要进一步的研究，包括用这些吸附剂进行批量实验以进行大规模处理，以及对生产过程进行经济分析。
