Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To measure the gingival phenotype-related features, gingival thickness (GT) and gingival width (GW), in healthy children and to investigate their association between them, with age, gender, tooth-type and arch.
METHODS: The gingival sites of 1029 teeth were included from 64 children (36 males and 28 females), with primary and mixed dentition, attending the paediatric dental clinic of Aristotle University, Thessaloniki. GT and GW were measured ultrasonically and with a periodontal probe, respectively. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of gingival thickness and gingival width with the under-investigation parameters. Spearman\'s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate correlation between GT and GW.
RESULTS: Significantly thicker gingiva is found in posterior teeth compared to anterior teeth, in permanent teeth versus primary teeth and in maxillary teeth in comparison to mandibular teeth (p value < 0.001). Regarding GW, significantly wider gingiva is noted in posterior regions (p value = 0.022) and the maxilla (p value < 0.001). Gender-wise and concerning age GT and GW are not significantly affected. A weak and positive correlation between GT and GW is noted (rho 0.30, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: GT and GW present significant associations with arch and tooth-type. Findings from this study fulfil the further understanding of GT and GW of paediatric patients that are investigated sparsely throughout the literature and demonstrate an accurate, painless and simple method to map the gingiva.
METHODS: The gingival sites of 1029 teeth were included from 64 children (36 males and 28 females), with primary and mixed dentition, attending the paediatric dental clinic of Aristotle University, Thessaloniki. GT and GW were measured ultrasonically and with a periodontal probe, respectively. Mixed effects linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of gingival thickness and gingival width with the under-investigation parameters. Spearman\'s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate correlation between GT and GW.
RESULTS: Significantly thicker gingiva is found in posterior teeth compared to anterior teeth, in permanent teeth versus primary teeth and in maxillary teeth in comparison to mandibular teeth (p value < 0.001). Regarding GW, significantly wider gingiva is noted in posterior regions (p value = 0.022) and the maxilla (p value < 0.001). Gender-wise and concerning age GT and GW are not significantly affected. A weak and positive correlation between GT and GW is noted (rho 0.30, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: GT and GW present significant associations with arch and tooth-type. Findings from this study fulfil the further understanding of GT and GW of paediatric patients that are investigated sparsely throughout the literature and demonstrate an accurate, painless and simple method to map the gingiva.
摘要：
目的：测量牙龈表型相关特征，牙龈厚度（GT）和牙龈宽度（GW），并调查他们之间的联系，随着年龄,性别,牙型和牙弓。
方法：1029颗牙齿的牙龈部位包括64名儿童（男性36例，女性28例），原发性和混合牙列，参加亚里士多德大学的儿科牙科诊所，塞萨洛尼基.用超声和牙周探针测量GT和GW，分别。使用混合效应线性回归模型来评估牙龈厚度和牙龈宽度与研究参数的关联。采用Spearman相关系数评价GT与GW的相关性。
结果：与前牙相比，后牙的牙龈明显较厚，恒牙与乳牙比较，上颌与下颌牙齿比较（p值<0.001）。关于GW，在后部区域（p值=0.022）和上颌骨（p值<0.001）注意到明显更宽的牙龈。性别和有关年龄的GT和GW没有受到显着影响。注意到GT和GW之间的弱正相关(rho0.30,p<0.001)。
结论：GT和GW与牙弓和牙型有显著关联。这项研究的结果满足了对儿科患者GT和GW的进一步理解，这些患者在整个文献中进行了稀疏地调查，并证明了准确的，无痛简单的方法来绘制牙龈图。
方法：1029颗牙齿的牙龈部位包括64名儿童（男性36例，女性28例），原发性和混合牙列，参加亚里士多德大学的儿科牙科诊所，塞萨洛尼基.用超声和牙周探针测量GT和GW，分别。使用混合效应线性回归模型来评估牙龈厚度和牙龈宽度与研究参数的关联。采用Spearman相关系数评价GT与GW的相关性。
结果：与前牙相比，后牙的牙龈明显较厚，恒牙与乳牙比较，上颌与下颌牙齿比较（p值<0.001）。关于GW，在后部区域（p值=0.022）和上颌骨（p值<0.001）注意到明显更宽的牙龈。性别和有关年龄的GT和GW没有受到显着影响。注意到GT和GW之间的弱正相关(rho0.30,p<0.001)。
结论：GT和GW与牙弓和牙型有显著关联。这项研究的结果满足了对儿科患者GT和GW的进一步理解，这些患者在整个文献中进行了稀疏地调查，并证明了准确的，无痛简单的方法来绘制牙龈图。
