PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Poultry are deprived of water when transported to slaughter, beginning shortly prior to catching of the first bird and lasting through catching and loading, the journey on the vehicle, time spent in lairage, and up until time of death. Our aim was to review existing knowledge on variables which may be useful in determining the length of time that poultry may go without water in connection with transport before their welfare begins to deteriorate. During transport, it is likely that birds experience a motivation to drink, which may transition into the negative emotional state of thirst if water is unavailable. Determining when drinking motivation reaches a threshold where welfare is negatively impacted is challenging. In the absence of water, birds may over time experience dehydration which may be detected through physiological indicators as their body attempts to maintain homeostasis. In poultry, plasma osmolality, arginine vasotocin, and chloride have been suggested as being most suitable for assessing dehydration resulting from periods of water deprivation that correspond with typical transport durations, due to their particular sensitivity during this period. While initial dehydration may not be associated with negative emotional states, it is likely that it eventually leads to discomfort, but additional behavioral and motivational studies are necessary to infer when this begins. Impacts of thermal conditions, genetics, and the condition of the individual bird on the development of a dehydrated state were also assessed, though more information is needed to fully understand these interactions. With the available literature, this review concludes that total transport (i.e., from the initial deprivation from water until time of slaughter) durations of longer than 6 h are likely associated with measurable physiological indicators of dehydration and may potentially be associated with negative emotional states, although more research is needed to clarify this. Current available knowledge and assessment tools are not sufficient to detect the degradation of welfare derived from thirst itself, which should be further examined to protect poultry welfare during transport.
摘要：
家禽在运送到屠宰时被剥夺了水分，在捕获第一只鸟前不久开始，并持续通过捕获和装载，在车上的旅程，在莱尔里奇度过的时间，直到死亡时间。我们的目的是回顾有关变量的现有知识，这些变量可能有助于确定家禽在福利开始恶化之前与运输有关的无水时间。运输期间,鸟类很可能会有饮酒的动机，如果没有水，这可能会过渡到口渴的消极情绪状态。确定饮酒动机何时达到福利受到负面影响的阈值是具有挑战性的。在没有水的情况下，随着时间的推移，鸟类可能会经历脱水，这可能是通过生理指标检测到的，因为它们的身体试图保持体内平衡。在家禽中，血浆渗透压,精氨酸血管紧张素，和氯化物已被认为是最适合评估脱水导致的缺水时期，与典型的运输持续时间相对应，由于他们在此期间的特殊敏感性。虽然最初的脱水可能与负面的情绪状态无关，很可能最终会导致不适，但额外的行为和动机研究是必要的，以推断这何时开始。热条件的影响，遗传学,并评估了个体鸟类脱水状态发展的状况，尽管需要更多的信息来充分理解这些相互作用。有了现有的文献，这项审查得出的结论是，总运输(即，从最初的剥夺水直到屠宰时间）持续时间超过6小时可能与可测量的脱水生理指标有关，并且可能与负面情绪状态有关，尽管需要更多的研究来澄清这一点。当前可用的知识和评估工具不足以发现口渴本身带来的福利退化，应进一步检查，以保护运输过程中的家禽福利。
