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Abstract：
Plasmodium vivax is one of the most geographically widespread malaria parasites in the world, primarily found across South-East Asia, Latin America, and parts of Africa. One of the significant characteristics of the P. vivax parasite is its ability to remain dormant in the human liver as hypnozoites and subsequently reactivate after the initial infection (i.e. relapse infections). Mathematical modelling approaches have been widely applied to understand P. vivax dynamics and predict the impact of intervention outcomes. Models that capture P. vivax dynamics differ from those that capture P. falciparum dynamics, as they must account for relapses caused by the activation of hypnozoites. In this article, we provide a scoping review of mathematical models that capture P. vivax transmission dynamics published between January 1988 and May 2023. The primary objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive summary of the mathematical models and techniques used to model P. vivax dynamics. In doing so, we aim to assist researchers working on mathematical epidemiology, disease transmission, and other aspects of P. vivax malaria by highlighting best practices in currently published models and highlighting where further model development is required. We categorise P. vivax models according to whether a deterministic or agent-based approach was used. We provide an overview of the different strategies used to incorporate the parasite\'s biology, use of multiple scales (within-host and population-level), superinfection, immunity, and treatment interventions. In most of the published literature, the rationale for different modelling approaches was driven by the research question at hand. Some models focus on the parasites\' complicated biology, while others incorporate simplified assumptions to avoid model complexity. Overall, the existing literature on mathematical models for P. vivax encompasses various aspects of the parasite\'s dynamics. We recommend that future research should focus on refining how key aspects of P. vivax dynamics are modelled, including spatial heterogeneity in exposure risk and heterogeneity in susceptibility to infection, the accumulation of hypnozoite variation, the interaction between P. falciparum and P. vivax, acquisition of immunity, and recovery under superinfection.
摘要：
间日疟原虫是世界上分布最广泛的疟疾寄生虫之一，主要在东南亚发现，拉丁美洲,和非洲的部分地区。间日疟原虫寄生虫的重要特征之一是其在人肝脏中作为催眠体保持休眠并随后在初始感染(即复发感染)后重新激活的能力。数学建模方法已广泛应用于理解间日疟原虫动力学和预测干预结果的影响。捕获间日疟原虫动力学的模型不同于捕获恶性疟原虫动力学的模型，因为它们必须解释由催眠体激活引起的复发。在这篇文章中,我们提供了1988年1月至2023年5月发表的捕获间日疟原虫传播动力学的数学模型的范围审查。这项工作的主要目的是提供用于对间日疟原虫动力学建模的数学模型和技术的全面总结。在这样做的时候，我们的目标是帮助研究人员进行数学流行病学，疾病传播,以及间日疟原虫疟疾的其他方面，方法是突出当前公布的模型中的最佳做法，并突出需要进一步开发模型的地方。我们根据使用的是确定性方法还是基于代理的方法对间日疟原虫模型进行分类。我们概述了用于整合寄生虫生物学的不同策略，使用多个尺度(宿主内和群体水平)，重叠感染,豁免权,和治疗干预措施。在大多数已出版的文献中，不同建模方法的基本原理是由手头的研究问题驱动的。一些模型专注于寄生虫的复杂生物学，而其他人则采用简化的假设来避免模型的复杂性。总的来说,关于间日疟原虫数学模型的现有文献涵盖了寄生虫动力学的各个方面。我们建议未来的研究应该集中在完善间日疟原虫动力学的关键方面是如何建模的，包括暴露风险的空间异质性和感染易感性的异质性，的积累，恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫之间的相互作用，获得豁免权，并在重复感染下恢复。
