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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Immigrants are exposed to numerous risk factors that may contribute to the development of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Recent political and environmental crises in North Africa and the Middle East have led to an increase in immigration to Europe that has challenged the healthcare system and especially the management of chronic conditions.
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this scoping review are to investigate the burden, prevalence, and associated factors of chronic musculoskeletal pain in immigrants from North Africa and the Middle East in Europe during the last decade. The intentions of the review are to inform healthcare policymakers, to identify gaps in the literature, and aid the planning of future research.
METHODS: Online databases Medline, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science were used to identify epidemiological studies published from2012-2022 examining chronic pain in populations from North Africa and the Middle East with a migration background residing in Europe.
RESULTS: In total eleven studies were identified conducted in Norway (n = 3), Denmark (n = 3), Germany (n = 1), Austria (n = 1), Sweden (n = 1), and Switzerland (n = 1). Among the identified studies, eight studies were cross-sectional (n = 8), two were prospective cohort studies (n = 2) and one was a retrospective cohort study (n = 1). Data suggested that chronic pain is more prevalent, more widespread, and more severe in people with than without a migration background. Furthermore, immigrants who have resided in the destination country for a longer period experience a higher prevalence of chronic pain compared to those in the early phases of migration. The following factors were found to be associated with chronic pain in this population: female gender, lower education, financial hardship, being underweight or obese, time in transit during migration, experience of trauma, immigration status, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
CONCLUSIONS: Several gaps in the literature were identified. Research is limited in terms of quantity and quality, does not reflect actual immigration trends, and does not account for immigration factors. Prospective cohort studies with long follow-ups would aid in improving prevention and management of chronic pain in populations with a migration background. In particular, they should reflect actual immigration trajectories, account for immigration factors, and have valid comparison groups in the countries of origin, transit and destination.
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this scoping review are to investigate the burden, prevalence, and associated factors of chronic musculoskeletal pain in immigrants from North Africa and the Middle East in Europe during the last decade. The intentions of the review are to inform healthcare policymakers, to identify gaps in the literature, and aid the planning of future research.
METHODS: Online databases Medline, Embase, PubMed and Web of Science were used to identify epidemiological studies published from2012-2022 examining chronic pain in populations from North Africa and the Middle East with a migration background residing in Europe.
RESULTS: In total eleven studies were identified conducted in Norway (n = 3), Denmark (n = 3), Germany (n = 1), Austria (n = 1), Sweden (n = 1), and Switzerland (n = 1). Among the identified studies, eight studies were cross-sectional (n = 8), two were prospective cohort studies (n = 2) and one was a retrospective cohort study (n = 1). Data suggested that chronic pain is more prevalent, more widespread, and more severe in people with than without a migration background. Furthermore, immigrants who have resided in the destination country for a longer period experience a higher prevalence of chronic pain compared to those in the early phases of migration. The following factors were found to be associated with chronic pain in this population: female gender, lower education, financial hardship, being underweight or obese, time in transit during migration, experience of trauma, immigration status, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
CONCLUSIONS: Several gaps in the literature were identified. Research is limited in terms of quantity and quality, does not reflect actual immigration trends, and does not account for immigration factors. Prospective cohort studies with long follow-ups would aid in improving prevention and management of chronic pain in populations with a migration background. In particular, they should reflect actual immigration trajectories, account for immigration factors, and have valid comparison groups in the countries of origin, transit and destination.
摘要：
背景：移民暴露于许多可能导致慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛发展的危险因素。北非和中东最近的政治和环境危机导致欧洲移民增加，挑战了医疗保健系统，尤其是慢性病的管理。
目的：本范围审查的目的是调查负担，患病率,以及过去十年来北非和欧洲中东移民慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的相关因素。审查的目的是告知医疗保健政策制定者，为了找出文献中的空白，并帮助规划未来的研究。
方法：在线数据库Medline，Embase,PubMed和WebofScience用于确定2012-2022年发表的流行病学研究，研究了北非和中东移民背景在欧洲的人群中的慢性疼痛。
结果：在挪威进行的总共11项研究（n=3），丹麦（n=3），德国（n=1），奥地利（n=1），瑞典（n=1），瑞士（n=1）。在确定的研究中，八项研究是横断面的(n=8)，两项为前瞻性队列研究(n=2),一项为回顾性队列研究(n=1).数据表明慢性疼痛更为普遍，更广泛，有移民背景的人比没有移民背景的人更严重。此外，与移民早期阶段相比，在目的地国家居住时间较长的移民患慢性疼痛的患病率更高。发现以下因素与该人群的慢性疼痛有关：女性，教育水平较低,经济困难,体重过轻或肥胖，迁移期间的运输时间，创伤的经历，移民身份,焦虑,抑郁症,和创伤后应激障碍。
结论：在文献中发现了一些空白。研究在数量和质量上都是有限的,不能反映实际的移民趋势，不考虑移民因素。长期随访的前瞻性队列研究将有助于改善具有迁移背景的人群中慢性疼痛的预防和管理。特别是,它们应该反映实际的移民轨迹，考虑到移民因素，并在原籍国拥有有效的比较组，过境和目的地。
目的：本范围审查的目的是调查负担，患病率,以及过去十年来北非和欧洲中东移民慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的相关因素。审查的目的是告知医疗保健政策制定者，为了找出文献中的空白，并帮助规划未来的研究。
方法：在线数据库Medline，Embase,PubMed和WebofScience用于确定2012-2022年发表的流行病学研究，研究了北非和中东移民背景在欧洲的人群中的慢性疼痛。
结果：在挪威进行的总共11项研究（n=3），丹麦（n=3），德国（n=1），奥地利（n=1），瑞典（n=1），瑞士（n=1）。在确定的研究中，八项研究是横断面的(n=8)，两项为前瞻性队列研究(n=2),一项为回顾性队列研究(n=1).数据表明慢性疼痛更为普遍，更广泛，有移民背景的人比没有移民背景的人更严重。此外，与移民早期阶段相比，在目的地国家居住时间较长的移民患慢性疼痛的患病率更高。发现以下因素与该人群的慢性疼痛有关：女性，教育水平较低,经济困难,体重过轻或肥胖，迁移期间的运输时间，创伤的经历，移民身份,焦虑,抑郁症,和创伤后应激障碍。
结论：在文献中发现了一些空白。研究在数量和质量上都是有限的,不能反映实际的移民趋势，不考虑移民因素。长期随访的前瞻性队列研究将有助于改善具有迁移背景的人群中慢性疼痛的预防和管理。特别是,它们应该反映实际的移民轨迹，考虑到移民因素，并在原籍国拥有有效的比较组，过境和目的地。
