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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The association of dietary patterns and longitudinal changes in brain volume has rarely been investigated in Japanese individuals. We prospectively investigated this association in middle-aged and older Japanese community-dwelling adults.
METHODS: Data with a 2-year follow-up from the sixth wave (July 2008 to July 2010; baseline) to the seventh (July 2010 to July 2012; follow-up) of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging project were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day dietary record, and longitudinal volume changes (%) in the total gray matter (TGM), total white matter, and frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and insular lobes were assessed using 3-dimensional T1 magnetic resonance imaging scans. Multiple factor analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed sex-specific dietary patterns. Associations between dietary patterns and annual brain-volume changes (%) were evaluated using general linear models adjusted for age, apoprotein E genotype, body mass index, medical history, lifestyle behaviors, socioeconomic factors, and energy intake.
RESULTS: Among the 1636 participants (age: 40.3-89.2 years), three dietary patterns were determined for men (n = 815; Western; Vegetable-Fruit-Dairy; and Traditional Japanese diets) and women (n = 821; Western; Grain-Vegetable-Fruit; and Traditional Japanese diets). Compared to women following the Western diet, those on the Traditional Japanese diet had less TGM atrophy. Multivariable-adjusted β (95% confidence interval) of the annual change (%) of TGM was - 0.145 (-0.287 to -0.002; P = 0.047), which correlated with reduced parietal lobe atrophy. No association between dietary pattern and brain atrophy was observed in men.
CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, with higher consumption of whole grains, seafood, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, soybean products, and green tea, potentially confers a protective effect against brain atrophy in middle-aged and older Japanese women but not in men. Further research to confirm these results and ascertain the underlying mechanisms is required. This study highlights the importance of sex-specific effects on the relationship between dietary patterns and brain health in diverse populations.
METHODS: Data with a 2-year follow-up from the sixth wave (July 2008 to July 2010; baseline) to the seventh (July 2010 to July 2012; follow-up) of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging project were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day dietary record, and longitudinal volume changes (%) in the total gray matter (TGM), total white matter, and frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and insular lobes were assessed using 3-dimensional T1 magnetic resonance imaging scans. Multiple factor analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed sex-specific dietary patterns. Associations between dietary patterns and annual brain-volume changes (%) were evaluated using general linear models adjusted for age, apoprotein E genotype, body mass index, medical history, lifestyle behaviors, socioeconomic factors, and energy intake.
RESULTS: Among the 1636 participants (age: 40.3-89.2 years), three dietary patterns were determined for men (n = 815; Western; Vegetable-Fruit-Dairy; and Traditional Japanese diets) and women (n = 821; Western; Grain-Vegetable-Fruit; and Traditional Japanese diets). Compared to women following the Western diet, those on the Traditional Japanese diet had less TGM atrophy. Multivariable-adjusted β (95% confidence interval) of the annual change (%) of TGM was - 0.145 (-0.287 to -0.002; P = 0.047), which correlated with reduced parietal lobe atrophy. No association between dietary pattern and brain atrophy was observed in men.
CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, with higher consumption of whole grains, seafood, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, soybean products, and green tea, potentially confers a protective effect against brain atrophy in middle-aged and older Japanese women but not in men. Further research to confirm these results and ascertain the underlying mechanisms is required. This study highlights the importance of sex-specific effects on the relationship between dietary patterns and brain health in diverse populations.
摘要：
背景：在日本个体中很少研究饮食模式与脑体积纵向变化的关联。我们前瞻性地调查了中老年日本社区居住成年人的这种关联。
方法：分析了从美国国家长寿科学研究所-衰老纵向研究项目第六波（2008年7月至2010年7月；基线）到第七波（2010年7月至2012年7月；随访）的2年随访数据。使用3天的饮食记录评估饮食摄入量，和总灰质(TGM)的纵向体积变化(%)，总白质，额叶，顶叶,枕骨,temporal,使用3维T1磁共振成像扫描评估岛叶。多因素分析和层次聚类揭示了性别特异性膳食模式。膳食模式和年脑容量变化（%）之间的关联进行了评估，使用一般的线性模型调整年龄，载脂蛋白E基因型，身体质量指数,病史,生活方式行为，社会经济因素,和能量摄入。
结果：在1636名参与者中（年龄：40.3-89.2岁），确定了男性（n=815；西方；蔬菜-水果-乳制品；和传统日本饮食）和女性（n=821；西方；谷物-蔬菜-水果；和传统日本饮食）的三种饮食模式。与遵循西方饮食的女性相比，传统日本饮食的人TGM萎缩较少。TGM年变化（％）的多变量调整β（95％置信区间）为-0.145（-0.287至-0.002；P=0.047），与顶叶萎缩减少有关。在男性中没有观察到饮食模式与脑萎缩之间的关联。
结论：坚持健康的膳食模式，随着全谷物消费量的增加，海鲜,蔬菜,水果,蘑菇,大豆产品，绿茶，可能赋予对中年和老年日本女性的脑萎缩的保护作用，而不是在男性。需要进一步的研究来确认这些结果并确定潜在的机制。这项研究强调了性别特异性效应对不同人群饮食模式与大脑健康之间关系的重要性。
方法：分析了从美国国家长寿科学研究所-衰老纵向研究项目第六波（2008年7月至2010年7月；基线）到第七波（2010年7月至2012年7月；随访）的2年随访数据。使用3天的饮食记录评估饮食摄入量，和总灰质(TGM)的纵向体积变化(%)，总白质，额叶，顶叶,枕骨,temporal,使用3维T1磁共振成像扫描评估岛叶。多因素分析和层次聚类揭示了性别特异性膳食模式。膳食模式和年脑容量变化（%）之间的关联进行了评估，使用一般的线性模型调整年龄，载脂蛋白E基因型，身体质量指数,病史,生活方式行为，社会经济因素,和能量摄入。
结果：在1636名参与者中（年龄：40.3-89.2岁），确定了男性（n=815；西方；蔬菜-水果-乳制品；和传统日本饮食）和女性（n=821；西方；谷物-蔬菜-水果；和传统日本饮食）的三种饮食模式。与遵循西方饮食的女性相比，传统日本饮食的人TGM萎缩较少。TGM年变化（％）的多变量调整β（95％置信区间）为-0.145（-0.287至-0.002；P=0.047），与顶叶萎缩减少有关。在男性中没有观察到饮食模式与脑萎缩之间的关联。
结论：坚持健康的膳食模式，随着全谷物消费量的增加，海鲜,蔬菜,水果,蘑菇,大豆产品，绿茶，可能赋予对中年和老年日本女性的脑萎缩的保护作用，而不是在男性。需要进一步的研究来确认这些结果并确定潜在的机制。这项研究强调了性别特异性效应对不同人群饮食模式与大脑健康之间关系的重要性。
