PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Environmental toxins are known to have many impacts on growth and development in humans, starting in utero. Alterations in amelogenesis, caused by chemical and physical trauma that occur during the antenatal, perinatal and postnatal time periods, may result in developmental defects in deciduous and permanent tooth enamel, as demonstrated in animal studies. These defects can be clinically visible and result in a variety of morphological and functional problems in the dentition. Since enamel does not remodel after formation, it may serve as a permanent record of insults during organ development.Our primary purpose was to investigate any possible relationship between intrauterine exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (phenols and phthalates) and developmental defects in enamel in children, while also accounting for fluoride exposure. Our secondary purpose was to report descriptively on findings from comprehensive dental examinations performed on 356 children that were drawn from the general paediatric population. A cohort of children from the Utah Children\'s Project (N = 356) that had full medical exams, comprehensive medical and family histories and available biospecimens were given extraoral and intraoral examinations. They also completed an oral health questionnaire. Standardized intraoral photographs were taken of the teeth and viewed by standardised examiners and the dental observations were recorded for a full inventory of findings, including: tooth morphology, caries, restorations, colorations, attrition, erosion, fractures and hypomineralization. Perinatal maternal urine samples were assessed for the concentration of fluoride, phenols and phthalates, including bisphenol A (BPA).Pairwise statistical analyses were done to correlate the dental findings with one another and with the presence of environment chemicals found in the urine samples. Hypomineralization was the most common finding (96% of children; 37% of deciduous teeth, 42% of permanent teeth), consistent with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) described in other human populations. No consistent correlations were seen between dental findings and the presence of phenols and phthalates in prenatal urine, but the number of samples available for the assessment was limited (n = 35).In conclusion, we found a high proportion of dental hypomineralization in a population based paediatric cohort, but did not find an association with prenatal exposure to phenols and phthalates.
摘要：
众所周知，环境毒素对人类的生长和发育有许多影响，从子宫开始.牙釉质发生的改变，由产前发生的化学和物理创伤引起的，围产期和产后时间段，可能导致乳牙和永久性牙釉质的发育缺陷，正如在动物研究中所证明的那样。这些缺陷可以是临床上可见的,并导致牙列中的各种形态和功能问题。由于牙釉质形成后不会重塑，它可以作为器官发育期间侮辱的永久记录。我们的主要目的是调查宫内暴露于内分泌干扰化学物质（酚和邻苯二甲酸酯）与儿童牙釉质发育缺陷之间的任何可能关系。同时也考虑了氟化物的暴露。我们的次要目的是描述性地报告对来自普通儿科人群的356名儿童进行的全面牙科检查的结果。来自犹他州儿童项目的一群儿童(N=356)接受了全面体检，全面的病史和家族史以及可用的生物标本进行了口外和口内检查。他们还完成了口腔健康问卷。为牙齿拍摄标准化的口腔内照片，并由标准化检查人员进行查看，并记录牙科观察结果，以进行完整的检查。包括:牙齿形态学,龋齿,修复,着色,自然减员,侵蚀,骨折和低矿化。围产期孕妇尿样中氟化物的浓度进行评估，酚类和邻苯二甲酸酯，包括双酚A(BPA)。进行了成对的统计分析，以使牙齿的发现相互关联，并与尿液样本中发现的环境化学物质的存在相关联。低矿化是最常见的发现（96％的儿童；37％的乳牙，42%的恒牙)，与其他人群中描述的磨牙门牙矿化不足（MIH）一致。在产前尿液中，牙齿发现与酚类和邻苯二甲酸盐的存在之间没有一致的相关性，但可用于评估的样本数量有限(n=35).总之,我们发现，在一个以人群为基础的儿科队列中，牙齿矿化不足的比例很高，但没有发现与产前接触酚类和邻苯二甲酸盐的关联。
