Abstract：
Estimating the consequences of environmental changes, specifically in a global change context, is essential for conservation issues. In the case of pollutants, the interest in using an evolutionary approach to investigate their consequences has been emphasized since the 2000s, but these studies remain rare compared to the characterization of direct effects on individual features. We focused on the study case of anthropogenic ionizing radiation because, despite its potential strong impact on evolution, the scarcity of evolutionary approaches to study the biological consequences of this stressor is particularly true. In this study, by investigating some particular features of the biological effects of this stressor, and by reviewing existing studies on evolution under ionizing radiation, we suggest that evolutionary approach may help provide an integrative view on the biological consequences of ionizing radiation. We focused on three topics: (i) the mutagenic properties of ionizing radiation and its disruption of evolutionary processes, (ii) exposures at different time scales, leading to an interaction between past and contemporary evolution, and (iii) the special features of contaminated areas called exclusion zones and how evolution could match field and laboratory observed effects. This approach can contribute to answering several key issues in radioecology: to explain species differences in the sensitivity to ionizing radiation, to improve our estimation of the impacts of ionizing radiation on populations, and to help identify the environmental features impacting organisms (e.g., interaction with other pollution, migration of populations, anthropogenic environmental changes). Evolutionary approach would benefit from being integrated to the ecological risk assessment process.
摘要：
估计环境变化的后果，特别是在全球变化的背景下，对于保护问题至关重要。在污染物的情况下，自2000年代以来，人们一直强调使用进化方法来调查其后果的兴趣，但与对个体特征的直接影响的表征相比，这些研究仍然很少见。我们专注于人为电离辐射的研究案例，因为，尽管它对进化有潜在的强大影响，尤其缺乏进化的方法来研究这种应激源的生物学后果。在这项研究中,通过研究这种应激源的生物学效应的一些特殊特征，通过回顾现有的电离辐射演化研究，我们建议，进化方法可能有助于提供一个关于电离辐射的生物学后果的综合观点。我们主要讨论三个主题：（i）电离辐射的诱变特性及其对进化过程的破坏，(ii)不同时间尺度的风险敞口，导致过去和当代进化之间的互动，和（iii）被称为禁区的污染区域的特殊特征，以及进化如何匹配野外和实验室观察到的影响。这种方法可以有助于回答放射生态学中的几个关键问题：解释物种对电离辐射敏感性的差异，为了改善我们对电离辐射对人口影响的估计，并帮助识别影响生物体的环境特征(例如，与其他污染的相互作用，人口迁移,人为环境变化)。进化方法将受益于纳入生态风险评估过程。
