Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Giardia duodenalis is an important intestinal parasitic protozoan that infects several vertebrates, including humans. Cattle are considered the major source of giardiasis outbreak in humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and multilocus genotype (MLG) of G. duodenalis in Shanxi, and lay the foundation for the prevention and control of Giardiosis.
RESULTS: DNA extraction, nested polymerase chain reaction, sequence analysis, MLG analysis, and statistical analysis were performed using 858 bovine fecal samples from Shanxi based on three gene loci: β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi). The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 28.3%, while its prevalence in Yingxian and Lingqiu was 28.1% and 28.5%, respectively. The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis in dairy cattle and beef cattle was 28.0% and 28.5%, respectively. G. duodenalis infection was detected in all age groups evaluated in this study. The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis in diarrhea and nondiarrhea samples was 32.4% and 27.5%, respectively, whereas that in intensively farmed and free-range cattle was 35.0% and 19.9%, respectively. We obtained 83, 53, and 59 sequences of bg, gdh, and tpi in G. duodenalis, respectively. Moreover, assemblage A (n = 2) and assemblage E (n = 81) by bg, assemblage A (n = 1) and assemblage E (n = 52) by gdh, and assemblage A (n = 2) and assemblage E (n = 57) by tpi were identified. Multilocus genotyping yielded 29 assemblage E MLGs, which formed 10 subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report cattle infected with G. duodenalis in Shanxi, China. Livestock-specific G. duodenalis assemblage E was the dominant assemblage genotype, and zoonotic sub-assemblage AI was also detected in this region.
RESULTS: DNA extraction, nested polymerase chain reaction, sequence analysis, MLG analysis, and statistical analysis were performed using 858 bovine fecal samples from Shanxi based on three gene loci: β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi). The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 28.3%, while its prevalence in Yingxian and Lingqiu was 28.1% and 28.5%, respectively. The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis in dairy cattle and beef cattle was 28.0% and 28.5%, respectively. G. duodenalis infection was detected in all age groups evaluated in this study. The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis in diarrhea and nondiarrhea samples was 32.4% and 27.5%, respectively, whereas that in intensively farmed and free-range cattle was 35.0% and 19.9%, respectively. We obtained 83, 53, and 59 sequences of bg, gdh, and tpi in G. duodenalis, respectively. Moreover, assemblage A (n = 2) and assemblage E (n = 81) by bg, assemblage A (n = 1) and assemblage E (n = 52) by gdh, and assemblage A (n = 2) and assemblage E (n = 57) by tpi were identified. Multilocus genotyping yielded 29 assemblage E MLGs, which formed 10 subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report cattle infected with G. duodenalis in Shanxi, China. Livestock-specific G. duodenalis assemblage E was the dominant assemblage genotype, and zoonotic sub-assemblage AI was also detected in this region.
摘要：
背景：十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫是一种重要的肠道寄生虫原虫，可感染多种脊椎动物，包括人类。牛被认为是人类贾第鞭毛虫病爆发的主要来源。本研究的目的是调查山西省十二指肠氏杆菌的患病率和多位点基因型（MLG）。为贾第鞭毛虫病的防治奠定基础。
结果：DNA提取，嵌套聚合酶链反应，序列分析，MLG分析,利用山西的858例牛粪便样本进行了统计分析，基于三个基因位点：β-giardin（bg），谷氨酸脱氢酶（gdh），和磷酸丙糖异构酶(tpi)。十二指肠氏杆菌的总体患病率为28.3%,应县和灵丘的患病率分别为28.1%和28.5%，分别。奶牛和肉牛中十二指肠球茎的总体患病率分别为28.0%和28.5%,分别。在这项研究中评估的所有年龄组中都检测到十二指肠G.在腹泻和非腹泻样本中，十二指肠G的总体患病率分别为32.4％和27.5％，分别,而密集养殖和散养牛的比例分别为35.0%和19.9%，分别。我们获得了83、53和59个bg序列，gdh,和十二指肠G的tpi，分别。此外，组合A(n=2)和组合E(n=81)由bg，按gdh计算的组合A(n=1)和组合E(n=52)，通过tpi鉴定了组合A（n=2）和组合E（n=57）。多位点基因分型产生了29个组合EMLGs，形成了10个亚组。
结论：据我们所知，这是山西首次报道牛感染了十二指肠黄杆菌的研究，中国。家畜特异性G.daudenalis组合E是优势组合基因型，在该地区还检测到人畜共患亚组合AI。
结果：DNA提取，嵌套聚合酶链反应，序列分析，MLG分析,利用山西的858例牛粪便样本进行了统计分析，基于三个基因位点：β-giardin（bg），谷氨酸脱氢酶（gdh），和磷酸丙糖异构酶(tpi)。十二指肠氏杆菌的总体患病率为28.3%,应县和灵丘的患病率分别为28.1%和28.5%，分别。奶牛和肉牛中十二指肠球茎的总体患病率分别为28.0%和28.5%,分别。在这项研究中评估的所有年龄组中都检测到十二指肠G.在腹泻和非腹泻样本中，十二指肠G的总体患病率分别为32.4％和27.5％，分别,而密集养殖和散养牛的比例分别为35.0%和19.9%，分别。我们获得了83、53和59个bg序列，gdh,和十二指肠G的tpi，分别。此外，组合A(n=2)和组合E(n=81)由bg，按gdh计算的组合A(n=1)和组合E(n=52)，通过tpi鉴定了组合A（n=2）和组合E（n=57）。多位点基因分型产生了29个组合EMLGs，形成了10个亚组。
结论：据我们所知，这是山西首次报道牛感染了十二指肠黄杆菌的研究，中国。家畜特异性G.daudenalis组合E是优势组合基因型，在该地区还检测到人畜共患亚组合AI。
