Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: How maternal opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) affects children is under-researched. This population-based registry study investigated child growth and somatic health following intrauterine exposure to this treatment.
METHODS: Children born between 1 March 2011 and 30 May 2021 to mothers who used buprenorphine, buprenorphine-naloxone, or methadone throughout their pregnancies were followed for 2 years at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Appropriate statistical tests were used to compare the treatment groups.
RESULTS: Of the 67 neonates, 52% were male, 96% were born full-term and 63% were treated for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Otherwise, the children were predominantly healthy, although relatively small: 22% were small for gestational age, the methadone group children being the smallest. Foetal exposure to maternal methadone treatment, illicit drugs, hepatitis C and smoking were associated with small for gestational age; the former two were also associated with later slower growth, especially head growth and weight gain (p < 0.001). However, 29% were overweight at 2 years.
CONCLUSIONS: Using child growth as the outcome, we found that buprenorphine-naloxone and buprenorphine-monotherapy had equal effects as forms of maternal OMT. Exposure to multiple risk factors may harm foetal and subsequent growth. We recommend long-term follow-up of children exposed to maternal OMT.
METHODS: Children born between 1 March 2011 and 30 May 2021 to mothers who used buprenorphine, buprenorphine-naloxone, or methadone throughout their pregnancies were followed for 2 years at the Helsinki University Hospital, Finland. Appropriate statistical tests were used to compare the treatment groups.
RESULTS: Of the 67 neonates, 52% were male, 96% were born full-term and 63% were treated for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Otherwise, the children were predominantly healthy, although relatively small: 22% were small for gestational age, the methadone group children being the smallest. Foetal exposure to maternal methadone treatment, illicit drugs, hepatitis C and smoking were associated with small for gestational age; the former two were also associated with later slower growth, especially head growth and weight gain (p < 0.001). However, 29% were overweight at 2 years.
CONCLUSIONS: Using child growth as the outcome, we found that buprenorphine-naloxone and buprenorphine-monotherapy had equal effects as forms of maternal OMT. Exposure to multiple risk factors may harm foetal and subsequent growth. We recommend long-term follow-up of children exposed to maternal OMT.
摘要：
目的：母体阿片类药物维持治疗（OMT）对儿童的影响研究不足。这项基于人群的注册研究调查了宫内暴露于这种治疗后的儿童生长和躯体健康。
方法：2011年3月1日至2021年5月30日期间出生的使用丁丙诺啡的母亲的孩子，丁丙诺啡-纳洛酮,或美沙酮在怀孕期间在赫尔辛基大学医院随访2年，芬兰。使用适当的统计检验来比较治疗组。
结果：在67例新生儿中，52%是男性，96%为足月出生，63%为新生儿阿片类药物戒断综合征。否则,孩子们主要是健康的，尽管相对较小：22％的胎龄小，美沙酮组的孩子是最小的。胎儿暴露于母体美沙酮治疗，非法药物,丙型肝炎和吸烟与胎龄小有关；前两者也与后来生长缓慢有关，尤其是头部生长和体重增加（p<0.001）。然而,29%的人在2年时超重。
结论：以儿童成长为结果，我们发现,丁丙诺啡-纳洛酮和丁丙诺啡单药治疗与母体OMT的疗效相同.暴露于多种危险因素可能会损害胎儿和随后的生长。我们建议对暴露于母体OMT的儿童进行长期随访。
方法：2011年3月1日至2021年5月30日期间出生的使用丁丙诺啡的母亲的孩子，丁丙诺啡-纳洛酮,或美沙酮在怀孕期间在赫尔辛基大学医院随访2年，芬兰。使用适当的统计检验来比较治疗组。
结果：在67例新生儿中，52%是男性，96%为足月出生，63%为新生儿阿片类药物戒断综合征。否则,孩子们主要是健康的，尽管相对较小：22％的胎龄小，美沙酮组的孩子是最小的。胎儿暴露于母体美沙酮治疗，非法药物,丙型肝炎和吸烟与胎龄小有关；前两者也与后来生长缓慢有关，尤其是头部生长和体重增加（p<0.001）。然而,29%的人在2年时超重。
结论：以儿童成长为结果，我们发现,丁丙诺啡-纳洛酮和丁丙诺啡单药治疗与母体OMT的疗效相同.暴露于多种危险因素可能会损害胎儿和随后的生长。我们建议对暴露于母体OMT的儿童进行长期随访。
