Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Following the coronavirus disease pandemic, respiratory mucosal vaccines that elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses have garnered increasing attention. However, human physiological characteristics pose significant challenges in the evaluation of mucosal immunity, which directly impedes the development and application of respiratory mucosal vaccines.
UNASSIGNED: This study summarizes the characteristics of immune responses in the respiratory mucosa and reviews the current status and challenges in evaluating immune response to respiratory mucosal vaccines.
UNASSIGNED: Secretory Immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) is a major effector molecule at mucosal sites and a commonly used indicator for evaluating respiratory mucosal vaccines. However, the unique physiological structure of the respiratory tract pose significant challenges for the clinical collection and detection of S-IgA. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a sampling method with high collection efficiency and acceptance, a sensitive detection method, reference materials for mucosal antibodies, and to establish a threshold for S-IgA that correlates with clinical protection. Sample collection is even more challenging when evaluating mucosal cell immunity. Therefore, a mucosal cell sampling method with high operability and high tolerance should be established. Targets of the circulatory system capable of reflecting mucosal cellular immunity should also be explored.
UNASSIGNED: This study summarizes the characteristics of immune responses in the respiratory mucosa and reviews the current status and challenges in evaluating immune response to respiratory mucosal vaccines.
UNASSIGNED: Secretory Immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) is a major effector molecule at mucosal sites and a commonly used indicator for evaluating respiratory mucosal vaccines. However, the unique physiological structure of the respiratory tract pose significant challenges for the clinical collection and detection of S-IgA. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a sampling method with high collection efficiency and acceptance, a sensitive detection method, reference materials for mucosal antibodies, and to establish a threshold for S-IgA that correlates with clinical protection. Sample collection is even more challenging when evaluating mucosal cell immunity. Therefore, a mucosal cell sampling method with high operability and high tolerance should be established. Targets of the circulatory system capable of reflecting mucosal cellular immunity should also be explored.
摘要：
■在冠状病毒大流行之后，引起粘膜和全身免疫反应的呼吸道粘膜疫苗引起了越来越多的关注.然而,人体生理特征对粘膜免疫的评估提出了重大挑战，这直接阻碍了呼吸道粘膜疫苗的开发和应用。
■本研究总结了呼吸道粘膜中免疫反应的特征，并回顾了评估对呼吸道粘膜疫苗的免疫反应的现状和挑战。
■分泌性免疫球蛋白A（S-IgA）是粘膜部位的主要效应分子，是评估呼吸道粘膜疫苗的常用指标。然而,呼吸道独特的生理结构对S-IgA的临床采集和检测提出了重大挑战。因此,必须开发一种具有高收集效率和接受度的采样方法，一种灵敏的检测方法，粘膜抗体的参考材料，并建立与临床保护相关的S-IgA阈值。在评估粘膜细胞免疫时，样品收集甚至更具挑战性。因此,应建立具有高可操作性和高耐受性的粘膜细胞取样方法。还应探索能够反映粘膜细胞免疫的循环系统的靶标。
■本研究总结了呼吸道粘膜中免疫反应的特征，并回顾了评估对呼吸道粘膜疫苗的免疫反应的现状和挑战。
■分泌性免疫球蛋白A（S-IgA）是粘膜部位的主要效应分子，是评估呼吸道粘膜疫苗的常用指标。然而,呼吸道独特的生理结构对S-IgA的临床采集和检测提出了重大挑战。因此,必须开发一种具有高收集效率和接受度的采样方法，一种灵敏的检测方法，粘膜抗体的参考材料，并建立与临床保护相关的S-IgA阈值。在评估粘膜细胞免疫时，样品收集甚至更具挑战性。因此,应建立具有高可操作性和高耐受性的粘膜细胞取样方法。还应探索能够反映粘膜细胞免疫的循环系统的靶标。
