UNASSIGNED: This study summarizes the characteristics of immune responses in the respiratory mucosa and reviews the current status and challenges in evaluating immune response to respiratory mucosal vaccines.
UNASSIGNED: Secretory Immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) is a major effector molecule at mucosal sites and a commonly used indicator for evaluating respiratory mucosal vaccines. However, the unique physiological structure of the respiratory tract pose significant challenges for the clinical collection and detection of S-IgA. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a sampling method with high collection efficiency and acceptance, a sensitive detection method, reference materials for mucosal antibodies, and to establish a threshold for S-IgA that correlates with clinical protection. Sample collection is even more challenging when evaluating mucosal cell immunity. Therefore, a mucosal cell sampling method with high operability and high tolerance should be established. Targets of the circulatory system capable of reflecting mucosal cellular immunity should also be explored.
■本研究总结了呼吸道粘膜中免疫反应的特征,并回顾了评估对呼吸道粘膜疫苗的免疫反应的现状和挑战。
■分泌性免疫球蛋白A(S-IgA)是粘膜部位的主要效应分子,是评估呼吸道粘膜疫苗的常用指标。然而,呼吸道独特的生理结构对S-IgA的临床采集和检测提出了重大挑战。因此,必须开发一种具有高收集效率和接受度的采样方法,一种灵敏的检测方法,粘膜抗体的参考材料,并建立与临床保护相关的S-IgA阈值。在评估粘膜细胞免疫时,样品收集甚至更具挑战性。因此,应建立具有高可操作性和高耐受性的粘膜细胞取样方法。还应探索能够反映粘膜细胞免疫的循环系统的靶标。