Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Bacillus cereus from the pre-packaged pastries in Taizhou city.
METHODS: 500 pre-packaged patries were collected in taizhou city market. 97 Bacillus cereus strains were detected from them by GB 4789.14-2014 method and identified with 4 houseking genes, then 13 virulence genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method and the antimicrobial resistance of Bacillus cereus to 19 antibiotics was detected by paper diffusion method.
RESULTS: The result showed that the contamination rate of Bacillus cereus was 19.4% in 500 pre-packaged pastries. The detection rate of four housekeeping genes groEL, gyr B, rpoB and Vrr were 100%, 94.8%, 97.9% and 96.9%, respectively, and 89.7% at the same time. The virulence gene test result showed that the detection rate of nheABC, entFM, bceT, cytK and hblABCD were 91.8%, 88.7%, 61.9%, 51.6% and 25.8%, emetic virulence genes had the lowest detection rate, ces and EMl were 4.1%, cer was 5.2%. 97 Bacillus cereus strains show different degrees of drug resistance to 14 antimicrobials, the resistance rates to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime and cotrimoxazole were higher than 95%, but they were completely sensitive to streptomycin, vancomycin and chloramphenicol.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a risk of contamination by diarrhea-type Bacillus cereus and vomiting-type Bacillus cereus in prepackaged pastries in Taizhou. The isolated and identified Bacillus cereus has multiple-drug resistance.
METHODS: 500 pre-packaged patries were collected in taizhou city market. 97 Bacillus cereus strains were detected from them by GB 4789.14-2014 method and identified with 4 houseking genes, then 13 virulence genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method and the antimicrobial resistance of Bacillus cereus to 19 antibiotics was detected by paper diffusion method.
RESULTS: The result showed that the contamination rate of Bacillus cereus was 19.4% in 500 pre-packaged pastries. The detection rate of four housekeeping genes groEL, gyr B, rpoB and Vrr were 100%, 94.8%, 97.9% and 96.9%, respectively, and 89.7% at the same time. The virulence gene test result showed that the detection rate of nheABC, entFM, bceT, cytK and hblABCD were 91.8%, 88.7%, 61.9%, 51.6% and 25.8%, emetic virulence genes had the lowest detection rate, ces and EMl were 4.1%, cer was 5.2%. 97 Bacillus cereus strains show different degrees of drug resistance to 14 antimicrobials, the resistance rates to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime and cotrimoxazole were higher than 95%, but they were completely sensitive to streptomycin, vancomycin and chloramphenicol.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a risk of contamination by diarrhea-type Bacillus cereus and vomiting-type Bacillus cereus in prepackaged pastries in Taizhou. The isolated and identified Bacillus cereus has multiple-drug resistance.
摘要：
目的：了解台州市预包装糕点中蜡样芽孢杆菌的毒力基因和耐药性。
方法：在台州市市场收集500个预包装的披肩。用GB4789.14-2014方法检测出97株蜡样芽孢杆菌，鉴定出4个家室基因，然后用聚合酶链反应（PCR）法检测13个毒力基因，用纸扩散法检测蜡样芽孢杆菌对19种抗生素的耐药性。
结果：结果表明，在500个预先包装的糕点中，蜡样芽孢杆菌的污染率为19.4％。四个管家基因groEL的检出率，gyrB,rpoB和Vrr为100%，94.8%,97.9%和96.9%，分别,同时占89.7%。毒力基因检测结果显示,nheABC的检出率,entFM,bceT,cytK和hblABCD为91.8%，88.7%,61.9%,51.6%和25.8%,呕吐毒力基因的检出率最低,ces和eml为4.1%，CER为5.2%。97株蜡样芽孢杆菌对14种抗菌药物表现出不同程度的耐药性,对青霉素的耐药率，氨苄青霉素,头孢噻肟和复方新诺明高于95%，但它们对链霉素完全敏感,万古霉素和氯霉素。
结论：台州市预包装糕点存在腹泻型蜡样芽孢杆菌和呕吐型蜡样芽孢杆菌污染的风险。分离鉴定的蜡样芽孢杆菌具有多重耐药性。
方法：在台州市市场收集500个预包装的披肩。用GB4789.14-2014方法检测出97株蜡样芽孢杆菌，鉴定出4个家室基因，然后用聚合酶链反应（PCR）法检测13个毒力基因，用纸扩散法检测蜡样芽孢杆菌对19种抗生素的耐药性。
结果：结果表明，在500个预先包装的糕点中，蜡样芽孢杆菌的污染率为19.4％。四个管家基因groEL的检出率，gyrB,rpoB和Vrr为100%，94.8%,97.9%和96.9%，分别,同时占89.7%。毒力基因检测结果显示,nheABC的检出率,entFM,bceT,cytK和hblABCD为91.8%，88.7%,61.9%,51.6%和25.8%,呕吐毒力基因的检出率最低,ces和eml为4.1%，CER为5.2%。97株蜡样芽孢杆菌对14种抗菌药物表现出不同程度的耐药性,对青霉素的耐药率，氨苄青霉素,头孢噻肟和复方新诺明高于95%，但它们对链霉素完全敏感,万古霉素和氯霉素。
结论：台州市预包装糕点存在腹泻型蜡样芽孢杆菌和呕吐型蜡样芽孢杆菌污染的风险。分离鉴定的蜡样芽孢杆菌具有多重耐药性。
