Abstract：
The zoonotic potential of the protist parasites Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in amphibians and reptiles raises public health concerns due to their growing popularity as pets. This review examines the prevalence and diversity of these parasites in wild and captive amphibians and reptiles to better understand the zoonotic risk. Research on Giardia in both groups is limited, and zoonotic forms of Cryptosporidium or Giardia have not been reported in amphibians. Host-adapted Cryptosporidium species dominate in reptiles, albeit some reptiles have been found to carry zoonotic (C. hominis and C. parvum) and rodent-associated (C. tyzzeri, C. muris and C. andersoni) species, primarily through mechanical carriage. Similarly, the limited reports of Giardia duodenalis (assemblages A, B and E) in reptiles may also be due to mechanical carriage. Thus, the available evidence indicates minimal zoonotic risk associated with these organisms in wild and captive frogs and reptiles. The exact transmission routes for these infections within reptile populations remain poorly understood, particularly regarding the importance of mechanical carriage. Although the risk appears minimal, continued research and surveillance efforts are necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the transmission dynamics and ultimately improve our ability to safeguard human and animal health.
摘要：
原生寄生虫隐孢子虫的人畜共患潜力。两栖动物和爬行动物中的十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫由于作为宠物越来越受欢迎而引起了公众健康问题。这篇综述研究了这些寄生虫在野生和圈养两栖动物和爬行动物中的患病率和多样性，以更好地了解人畜共患风险。两组对贾第鞭毛虫的研究都很有限，在两栖动物中尚未报道隐孢子虫或贾第鞭毛虫的人畜共患形式。适应宿主的隐孢子虫物种在爬行动物中占主导地位，尽管已经发现一些爬行动物携带人畜共患(C.hominis和C.parvum)和啮齿动物相关(C.tyzzeri,C.muris和C.andersoni)物种，主要是通过机械运输。同样，十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫(组合A，爬行动物中的B和E）也可能是由于机械运输。因此，现有证据表明，在野生和圈养的青蛙和爬行动物中，与这些生物相关的人畜共患风险最小。这些感染在爬行动物种群中的确切传播途径仍然知之甚少，特别是关于机械运输的重要性。虽然风险似乎很小，为了更全面地了解传播动态，并最终提高我们保护人类和动物健康的能力，有必要继续进行研究和监测。
