Abstract：
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is responsible for causing a zoonotic disease called monkeypox (mpox), which sporadically infects humans in West and Central Africa. It first infected humans in 1970 and, along with the variola virus, belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the poxvirus family. Since the World Health Organization declared the MPXV outbreak a \"Public Health Emergency of International Concern\" on July 23, 2022, the number of infected patients has increased dramatically. To control this epidemic and address this previously neglected disease, MPXV needs to be better understood and reevaluated. In this review, we cover recent research on MPXV, including its genomic and pathogenic characteristics, transmission, mutations and mechanisms, clinical characteristics, epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment measures, as well as prevention of MPXV infection in light of the 2022 and 2023 global outbreaks. The 2022 MPXV outbreak has been primarily associated with close intimate contact, including sexual activity, with most cases diagnosed among men who have sex with men. The incubation period of MPXV infection usually lasts from 6 to 13 days, and symptoms include fever, muscle pains, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic painful rash, including several stages, such as macules, papules, blisters, pustules, scabs, and scab shedding involving the genitals and anus. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is usually used to detect MPXV in skin lesion material. Treatment includes supportive care, antivirals, and intravenous vaccinia immune globulin. Smallpox vaccines have been designed with four givens emergency approval for use against MPXV infection.
摘要：
猴痘病毒（MPXV）是导致一种称为猴痘（mpox）的人畜共患疾病的原因，偶尔感染西非和中非的人类。它在1970年首次感染人类，还有天花病毒,属于痘病毒家族中的正痘病毒属。自世界卫生组织于2022年7月23日宣布MPXV爆发为“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”以来，受感染的患者人数急剧增加。为了控制这种流行病，解决这种以前被忽视的疾病，需要更好地理解和重新评估MPXV。在这次审查中,我们涵盖了MPXV的最新研究，包括其基因组和致病特征，传输,突变和机制，临床特征,流行病学,实验室诊断,和治疗措施，以及根据2022年和2023年全球疫情预防MPXV感染。2022年MPXV爆发主要与密切接触有关，包括性活动,大多数病例被诊断为与男性发生性关系的男性。MPXV感染的潜伏期通常为6~13天,症状包括发烧，肌肉疼痛,头痛,淋巴结肿大,和特征性疼痛的皮疹，包括几个阶段，如斑疹，丘疹,水泡,脓疱,结痂,生殖器和肛门结痂。聚合酶链反应（PCR）通常用于检测皮肤病变材料中的MPXV。治疗包括支持治疗,抗病毒药物,和静脉注射牛痘免疫球蛋白。天花疫苗的设计已获得四次紧急批准，可用于对抗MPXV感染。
