Abstract：
Vitamin K is an essential micronutrient and a cofactor for the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which adds a carboxyl group to specific glutamic acid residues in proteins transiting through the secretory pathway. Higher vitamin K intake has been linked to a reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans. Preclinical work suggests that this effect depends on the γ-carboxylation of specific proteins in β-cells, including endoplasmic reticulum Gla protein (ERGP), implicated in the control of intracellular Ca2+ levels. In this review we discuss these recent advances linking vitamin K and glucose metabolism, and argue that identification of γ-carboxylated proteins in β-cells is pivotal to better understand how vitamin K protects from T2D and to design targeted therapies for this disease.
摘要：
维生素K是一种必需的微量营养素和辅助因子的酶γ-谷氨酰羧化酶，它为通过分泌途径转运的蛋白质中的特定谷氨酸残基添加了羧基。较高的维生素K摄入量与人类2型糖尿病（T2D）发病率降低有关。临床前工作表明，这种作用取决于β细胞中特定蛋白质的γ-羧化，包括内质网Gla蛋白（ERGP），与细胞内Ca2+水平的控制有关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了维生素K和葡萄糖代谢相关的最新进展，并认为β细胞中γ-羧化蛋白的鉴定对于更好地了解维生素K如何保护T2D和设计针对该疾病的靶向治疗至关重要。
