Abstract：
The effective management of infectious diseases and the growing concern of antibiotic resistance necessitates accurate and targeted therapies, highlighting the importance of antibiotic susceptibility testing. This study aimed to develop a real-time impedimetric biosensor for identifying and monitoring bacterial growth and antibiotic susceptibility. The biosensor employed a gold 8-channel disk-shaped microelectrode array with specific antibodies as bio-recognition elements. This setup was allowed for the analysis of bacterial samples, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Micrococcus luteus. These microorganisms were successfully cultured and detected within 1 h of incubation even with a minimal bacterial concentration of 10 CFU/ml. Overall, the developed biosensor array exhibits promising capabilities for monitoring S. aureus, B. cereus and M. luteus, showcasing an excellent linear response ranging from 10 to 104 CFU/ml with a detection limit of 0.95, 1.22 and 1.04 CFU/mL respectively. Moreover, real-time monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility was facilitated by changes in capacitance, which dropped when bacteria were exposed to antibiotic doses higher than their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), indicating suppressed bacterial growth. The capacitance measurements enabled determination of half-maximal cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) values for each bacteria-antibiotic pair. As a proof-of-concept application, the developed sensor array was employed as a sensing platform for the real time detection of bacteria in milk samples, which ensured the reliability of the sensor for in-field detection of foodborne pathogens and rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs).
摘要：
传染病的有效管理和对抗生素耐药性的日益关注需要准确和有针对性的治疗，强调抗生素药敏试验的重要性。本研究旨在开发一种实时阻抗生物传感器，用于识别和监测细菌生长和抗生素敏感性。生物传感器采用具有特异性抗体作为生物识别元件的金8通道圆盘形微电极阵列。该设置允许用于分析细菌样本，包括金黄色葡萄球菌,蜡样芽孢杆菌,和黄体微球菌.即使最小细菌浓度为10CFU/ml，这些微生物也可以在孵育1小时内成功培养和检测。总的来说,开发的生物传感器阵列显示出监测金黄色葡萄球菌的有希望的能力，B.cereus和M.luteus,展示了从10到104CFU/ml的优异的线性响应，检测限分别为0.95，1.22和1.04CFU/mL。此外，电容的变化促进了抗生素敏感性的实时监测，当细菌暴露于高于其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）的抗生素剂量时，表明抑制细菌生长。电容测量能够确定每个细菌-抗生素对的半最大细胞毒性浓度(CC50)值。作为概念验证应用程序，所开发的传感器阵列被用作实时检测牛奶样品中细菌的传感平台，这确保了传感器用于食源性病原体的现场检测和快速抗菌敏感性测试（AST）的可靠性。
