PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Dairy contains a complex mixture of lipids, proteins, and micronutrients. Whether habitual dairy consumption is associated with health benefits is not well established. Since dairy is high in nutrients that are potentially protective against frailty, the association between dairy products and the risk of frailty is of interest.
METHODS: We analyzed data from 85,280 women aged ≥ 60 years participating in the Nurses\' Health Study. Consumption of milk, yogurt, and cheese was obtained from repeated food frequency questionnaires administered between 1980 and 2010. Frailty was defined as having at least three of the following five criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥ 5 chronic illnesses, and a weight loss of ≥ 5%. The occurrence of frailty was assessed every four years from 1992 to 2018. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between the intake of dairy foods and frailty.
RESULTS: During follow-up we identified 15,912 incident cases of frailty. Consumption of milk or yogurt was not associated with the risk of frailty after adjustment for lifestyle factors, medication use, and overall diet quality. Cheese consumption was positively associated with risk of frailty [relative risk (95% confidence interval) for one serving/day increment in consumption: 1.10 (1.05, 1.16)]. Replacing one serving/day of milk, yogurt, or cheese with one serving/day of whole grains, nuts, or legumes was associated with a significant lower risk of frailty, while replacing milk, yogurt, or cheese with red meat or eggs was associated with an increased risk. When milk was replaced with a sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverage, a greater risk of frailty was observed, while replacing milk with orange juice was associated with a lower risk of frailty.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the association between milk, yogurt, and cheese and frailty partly depends on the replacement product. Habitual consumption of milk or yogurt was not associated with risk of frailty, whereas cheese consumption may be associated with an increased risk.
METHODS: We analyzed data from 85,280 women aged ≥ 60 years participating in the Nurses\' Health Study. Consumption of milk, yogurt, and cheese was obtained from repeated food frequency questionnaires administered between 1980 and 2010. Frailty was defined as having at least three of the following five criteria from the FRAIL scale: fatigue, low strength, reduced aerobic capacity, having ≥ 5 chronic illnesses, and a weight loss of ≥ 5%. The occurrence of frailty was assessed every four years from 1992 to 2018. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association between the intake of dairy foods and frailty.
RESULTS: During follow-up we identified 15,912 incident cases of frailty. Consumption of milk or yogurt was not associated with the risk of frailty after adjustment for lifestyle factors, medication use, and overall diet quality. Cheese consumption was positively associated with risk of frailty [relative risk (95% confidence interval) for one serving/day increment in consumption: 1.10 (1.05, 1.16)]. Replacing one serving/day of milk, yogurt, or cheese with one serving/day of whole grains, nuts, or legumes was associated with a significant lower risk of frailty, while replacing milk, yogurt, or cheese with red meat or eggs was associated with an increased risk. When milk was replaced with a sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened beverage, a greater risk of frailty was observed, while replacing milk with orange juice was associated with a lower risk of frailty.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the association between milk, yogurt, and cheese and frailty partly depends on the replacement product. Habitual consumption of milk or yogurt was not associated with risk of frailty, whereas cheese consumption may be associated with an increased risk.
摘要：
背景：乳制品含有复杂的脂质混合物，蛋白质，和微量营养素。习惯性乳制品消费是否与健康益处相关尚不明确。由于乳制品的营养成分很高，可以预防虚弱，乳制品和虚弱风险之间的关联是令人感兴趣的。
方法：我们分析了参加护士健康研究的85,280名年龄≥60岁女性的数据。牛奶的消费，酸奶,奶酪是从1980年至2010年间重复进行的食物频率问卷调查中获得的。虚弱被定义为具有FRAIL量表中以下五个标准中的至少三个：疲劳，低强度,有氧能力降低，患有≥5种慢性疾病，重量损失≥5%。从1992年到2018年，每四年评估一次虚弱的发生。Cox比例风险模型用于检查乳制品摄入量与虚弱之间的关联。
结果：在随访期间，我们发现了15,912例虚弱事件。在调整生活方式因素后，食用牛奶或酸奶与虚弱风险无关。药物使用,和整体饮食质量。奶酪消费与虚弱风险呈正相关[一份/天消费增加的相对风险（95％置信区间）：1.10（1.05，1.16）]。更换一份/天的牛奶，酸奶,或一份/天的全谷物奶酪，坚果,或豆类与虚弱的风险显着降低有关，在替代牛奶的同时，酸奶,或红肉或鸡蛋奶酪与风险增加有关。当牛奶被加糖或人工加糖的饮料代替时，观察到更大的脆弱风险，而用橙汁代替牛奶与较低的虚弱风险相关。
结论：结果表明，牛奶之间的关联，酸奶,奶酪和脆弱部分取决于替代产品。习惯食用牛奶或酸奶与虚弱的风险无关，而奶酪消费可能与风险增加有关。
方法：我们分析了参加护士健康研究的85,280名年龄≥60岁女性的数据。牛奶的消费，酸奶,奶酪是从1980年至2010年间重复进行的食物频率问卷调查中获得的。虚弱被定义为具有FRAIL量表中以下五个标准中的至少三个：疲劳，低强度,有氧能力降低，患有≥5种慢性疾病，重量损失≥5%。从1992年到2018年，每四年评估一次虚弱的发生。Cox比例风险模型用于检查乳制品摄入量与虚弱之间的关联。
结果：在随访期间，我们发现了15,912例虚弱事件。在调整生活方式因素后，食用牛奶或酸奶与虚弱风险无关。药物使用,和整体饮食质量。奶酪消费与虚弱风险呈正相关[一份/天消费增加的相对风险（95％置信区间）：1.10（1.05，1.16）]。更换一份/天的牛奶，酸奶,或一份/天的全谷物奶酪，坚果,或豆类与虚弱的风险显着降低有关，在替代牛奶的同时，酸奶,或红肉或鸡蛋奶酪与风险增加有关。当牛奶被加糖或人工加糖的饮料代替时，观察到更大的脆弱风险，而用橙汁代替牛奶与较低的虚弱风险相关。
结论：结果表明，牛奶之间的关联，酸奶,奶酪和脆弱部分取决于替代产品。习惯食用牛奶或酸奶与虚弱的风险无关，而奶酪消费可能与风险增加有关。
