Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: How do oocyte donors and recipients perceive the genetic link related to the transfer of nuclear DNA between donors and offspring?
CONCLUSIONS: Whether they are donors or recipients, individuals attach great importance to the transmission of their genetic heritage, since 94.5% would opt for the pronuclear transfer method to preserve this genetic link in the context of oocyte donation.
BACKGROUND: Since 1983, the use of oocyte donation has increased worldwide. Performed in France since the late 1980s and initially offered to women with premature ovarian insufficiency, its indications have progressively expanded and now it is proposed in many indications to prevent the transmission of genetically inherited diseases. This has resulted in an increase in the waiting time for access to oocyte donation due to the difficulty in recruiting oocyte donors in French ART centres. Several articles have discussed how to fairly distribute donor oocytes to couples, but few have interviewed women in the general population to record their feelings about oocyte donation, as either the donor or recipient and the importance given to the genetic link between the oocyte donors and the children born. Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) is a technique originally developed for women at risk of transmitting a mitochondrial DNA mutation. Recently, MRT has been considered for embryo arrest and oocyte rejuvenation as it could help females to reproduce with their own genetic material through the transfer of their oocyte nucleus into a healthy donor oocyte cytoplasm.
METHODS: We conducted an opinion survey from January 2021 to December 2021, during which 1956 women completed the questionnaire. Thirteen participants were excluded from the analysis due to incomplete responses to all the questions. Consequently, 1943 women were included in the study.
METHODS: We specifically developed a questionnaire for this study, which was created and distributed using the Drag\'n Survey® software. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items presented alongside a video created with whiteboard animation software. The aim was to analyse whether certain factors, such as age, education level, marital status, number of children, use of ART for pregnancy, video viewing, and knowledge about oocyte donation, were associated with feelings towards oocyte donation, by using a univariate conditional logistic regression model. This statistical method was also used to assess whether women would be more inclined to consider oocyte donation with the pronuclear transfer technique rather than the whole oocyte donation. All parameters found to be statistically significant in the univariate analysis were subsequently tested in a multivariate model using logistic regression.
RESULTS: Most women were concerned about the biological genetic contribution of the donated oocyte (94.8%). The most common reason for a women\'s reluctance to donate their oocytes was their unwillingness to pass on their genetic material (33.3%). Nearly 70% of women who were initially hesitant to donate their oocytes indicated that they would reconsider their decision if the oocyte donation was conducted using donated cytoplasm and the pronuclear transfer technique. Concomitantly, >75% of the respondents mentioned that it would be easier to receive a cytoplasm donation. The largest proportion of the population surveyed (94.5%) expressed their support for its legalization.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a substantial portion of the responses came from individuals with medical or paramedical backgrounds, potentially introducing a recruitment bias among potential donors. The rate of missing responses to the question regarding the desire to become an oocyte donor was 13.6%, while the question about becoming an oocyte cytoplasm donor had a missing response rate of 23%. These missing responses may introduce a bias in the interpretation of the data.
CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first to demonstrate that, for the French population studied, the combination of oocyte cytoplasm donation with pronuclear transfer could offer a promising approach to enhance the acceptance of oocyte donation for both the donor and the recipient.
BACKGROUND: No external funding was used for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
BACKGROUND: N/A.
CONCLUSIONS: Whether they are donors or recipients, individuals attach great importance to the transmission of their genetic heritage, since 94.5% would opt for the pronuclear transfer method to preserve this genetic link in the context of oocyte donation.
BACKGROUND: Since 1983, the use of oocyte donation has increased worldwide. Performed in France since the late 1980s and initially offered to women with premature ovarian insufficiency, its indications have progressively expanded and now it is proposed in many indications to prevent the transmission of genetically inherited diseases. This has resulted in an increase in the waiting time for access to oocyte donation due to the difficulty in recruiting oocyte donors in French ART centres. Several articles have discussed how to fairly distribute donor oocytes to couples, but few have interviewed women in the general population to record their feelings about oocyte donation, as either the donor or recipient and the importance given to the genetic link between the oocyte donors and the children born. Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) is a technique originally developed for women at risk of transmitting a mitochondrial DNA mutation. Recently, MRT has been considered for embryo arrest and oocyte rejuvenation as it could help females to reproduce with their own genetic material through the transfer of their oocyte nucleus into a healthy donor oocyte cytoplasm.
METHODS: We conducted an opinion survey from January 2021 to December 2021, during which 1956 women completed the questionnaire. Thirteen participants were excluded from the analysis due to incomplete responses to all the questions. Consequently, 1943 women were included in the study.
METHODS: We specifically developed a questionnaire for this study, which was created and distributed using the Drag\'n Survey® software. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items presented alongside a video created with whiteboard animation software. The aim was to analyse whether certain factors, such as age, education level, marital status, number of children, use of ART for pregnancy, video viewing, and knowledge about oocyte donation, were associated with feelings towards oocyte donation, by using a univariate conditional logistic regression model. This statistical method was also used to assess whether women would be more inclined to consider oocyte donation with the pronuclear transfer technique rather than the whole oocyte donation. All parameters found to be statistically significant in the univariate analysis were subsequently tested in a multivariate model using logistic regression.
RESULTS: Most women were concerned about the biological genetic contribution of the donated oocyte (94.8%). The most common reason for a women\'s reluctance to donate their oocytes was their unwillingness to pass on their genetic material (33.3%). Nearly 70% of women who were initially hesitant to donate their oocytes indicated that they would reconsider their decision if the oocyte donation was conducted using donated cytoplasm and the pronuclear transfer technique. Concomitantly, >75% of the respondents mentioned that it would be easier to receive a cytoplasm donation. The largest proportion of the population surveyed (94.5%) expressed their support for its legalization.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a substantial portion of the responses came from individuals with medical or paramedical backgrounds, potentially introducing a recruitment bias among potential donors. The rate of missing responses to the question regarding the desire to become an oocyte donor was 13.6%, while the question about becoming an oocyte cytoplasm donor had a missing response rate of 23%. These missing responses may introduce a bias in the interpretation of the data.
CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first to demonstrate that, for the French population studied, the combination of oocyte cytoplasm donation with pronuclear transfer could offer a promising approach to enhance the acceptance of oocyte donation for both the donor and the recipient.
BACKGROUND: No external funding was used for this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
BACKGROUND: N/A.
摘要：
目的：卵母细胞供体和受体如何看待与供体和后代之间核DNA转移相关的遗传联系？
结论：无论他们是供体还是受体，个人非常重视遗传遗产的传播，因为94.5％的人会选择原核转移方法，以在卵母细胞捐赠的背景下保留这种遗传联系。
背景：自1983年以来，卵母细胞捐赠的使用在世界范围内有所增加。自1980年代后期以来在法国演出，最初提供给卵巢早衰的女性，它的适应症已经逐步扩大，现在在许多适应症中提出了防止遗传遗传疾病的传播。由于法国ART中心难以招募卵母细胞捐献者，这导致获得卵母细胞捐献的等待时间增加。几篇文章讨论了如何公平地将供体卵母细胞分配给夫妇，但是很少有人采访普通人群中的女性来记录她们对卵母细胞捐赠的感受，作为捐赠者或接受者，以及卵母细胞捐赠者和出生孩子之间遗传联系的重要性。线粒体替代疗法（MRT）是一种最初为有传播线粒体DNA突变风险的女性开发的技术。最近,MRT已被考虑用于胚胎停滞和卵母细胞再生，因为它可以通过将卵母细胞核转移到健康的供体卵母细胞细胞质中来帮助雌性繁殖自己的遗传物质。
方法：我们于2021年1月至2021年12月进行了意见调查，在此期间，1956名妇女完成了问卷。由于对所有问题的回答不完整，13名参与者被排除在分析之外。因此,1943年妇女被纳入研究。
方法：我们专门为这项研究开发了一份问卷，它是使用Drag\'nSurvey®软件创建和分发的。问卷由21个项目组成，并与使用白板动画软件创建的视频一起显示。目的是分析某些因素是否，比如年龄,教育水平,婚姻状况,儿童数量,使用ART怀孕，视频观看,以及有关卵母细胞捐献的知识，与对卵母细胞捐赠的感觉有关，通过使用单变量条件逻辑回归模型。这种统计方法还用于评估女性是否更倾向于考虑使用原核转移技术而不是整个卵母细胞捐赠。随后使用逻辑回归在多变量模型中测试在单变量分析中发现具有统计学意义的所有参数。
结果：大多数女性担心捐赠卵母细胞的生物学遗传贡献（94.8%）。女性不愿意捐献卵母细胞的最常见原因是她们不愿意传递她们的遗传物质（33.3%）。最初不愿捐赠卵母细胞的妇女中有近70％表示，如果使用捐赠的细胞质和原核转移技术进行卵母细胞捐赠，她们将重新考虑自己的决定。同时，>75％的受访者提到接受细胞质捐赠会更容易。接受调查的人口比例最大（94.5％）表示支持其合法化。
结论：在这项研究中，很大一部分反应来自有医学或辅助医学背景的个人，可能在潜在的捐赠者中引入招聘偏见。对有关成为卵母细胞供体的愿望的问题的缺失率为13.6％，而关于成为卵母细胞细胞质供体的问题有23%的缺失应答率。这些缺失的响应可能会在数据的解释中引入偏差。
结论：这项研究首次证明，对于所研究的法国人口来说，卵母细胞胞质捐献与前核移植的结合可以提供一种有希望的方法，以提高供体和受体对卵母细胞捐献的接受度。
背景：本研究未使用外部资金。作者没有利益冲突。
背景：不适用。
结论：无论他们是供体还是受体，个人非常重视遗传遗产的传播，因为94.5％的人会选择原核转移方法，以在卵母细胞捐赠的背景下保留这种遗传联系。
背景：自1983年以来，卵母细胞捐赠的使用在世界范围内有所增加。自1980年代后期以来在法国演出，最初提供给卵巢早衰的女性，它的适应症已经逐步扩大，现在在许多适应症中提出了防止遗传遗传疾病的传播。由于法国ART中心难以招募卵母细胞捐献者，这导致获得卵母细胞捐献的等待时间增加。几篇文章讨论了如何公平地将供体卵母细胞分配给夫妇，但是很少有人采访普通人群中的女性来记录她们对卵母细胞捐赠的感受，作为捐赠者或接受者，以及卵母细胞捐赠者和出生孩子之间遗传联系的重要性。线粒体替代疗法（MRT）是一种最初为有传播线粒体DNA突变风险的女性开发的技术。最近,MRT已被考虑用于胚胎停滞和卵母细胞再生，因为它可以通过将卵母细胞核转移到健康的供体卵母细胞细胞质中来帮助雌性繁殖自己的遗传物质。
方法：我们于2021年1月至2021年12月进行了意见调查，在此期间，1956名妇女完成了问卷。由于对所有问题的回答不完整，13名参与者被排除在分析之外。因此,1943年妇女被纳入研究。
方法：我们专门为这项研究开发了一份问卷，它是使用Drag\'nSurvey®软件创建和分发的。问卷由21个项目组成，并与使用白板动画软件创建的视频一起显示。目的是分析某些因素是否，比如年龄,教育水平,婚姻状况,儿童数量,使用ART怀孕，视频观看,以及有关卵母细胞捐献的知识，与对卵母细胞捐赠的感觉有关，通过使用单变量条件逻辑回归模型。这种统计方法还用于评估女性是否更倾向于考虑使用原核转移技术而不是整个卵母细胞捐赠。随后使用逻辑回归在多变量模型中测试在单变量分析中发现具有统计学意义的所有参数。
结果：大多数女性担心捐赠卵母细胞的生物学遗传贡献（94.8%）。女性不愿意捐献卵母细胞的最常见原因是她们不愿意传递她们的遗传物质（33.3%）。最初不愿捐赠卵母细胞的妇女中有近70％表示，如果使用捐赠的细胞质和原核转移技术进行卵母细胞捐赠，她们将重新考虑自己的决定。同时，>75％的受访者提到接受细胞质捐赠会更容易。接受调查的人口比例最大（94.5％）表示支持其合法化。
结论：在这项研究中，很大一部分反应来自有医学或辅助医学背景的个人，可能在潜在的捐赠者中引入招聘偏见。对有关成为卵母细胞供体的愿望的问题的缺失率为13.6％，而关于成为卵母细胞细胞质供体的问题有23%的缺失应答率。这些缺失的响应可能会在数据的解释中引入偏差。
结论：这项研究首次证明，对于所研究的法国人口来说，卵母细胞胞质捐献与前核移植的结合可以提供一种有希望的方法，以提高供体和受体对卵母细胞捐献的接受度。
背景：本研究未使用外部资金。作者没有利益冲突。
背景：不适用。
