PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Golf is a sport that consists of complex movement skills that need to be executed with utmost precision. Consequently, motor skill learning plays a crucial role in golf, and large numbers of studies address various methods of motor learning. In the present review, we give a systematic overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on motor learning of golf-specific motor skills. Three electronic databases were searched for RCTs looking at the effect of at least one learning method on performance in a golf-specific motor task. We grouped the studies depending on the learning strategies \"cognitive training\", \"practice scheduling\", \"augmented feedback\", \"implicit and explicit learning\" and \"focus of attention\". Fifty-two RCTs met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Superior methods within their respective strategies were an external focus of attention and increasing contextual interference, as well as errorless learning. For \"cognitive training\" and \"augmented feedback\", no single method can be considered the most favorable. The overall biggest limitations were the lack of statistical power for more than half of the RCTs, and the fact that most studies of the present review investigated simple putting tasks in novices only. Although we have shown superiority of specific learning methods, transferability of the recommendations that can be derived from simple golf tasks in novices to sport-specific tasks in advanced players still has to be demonstrated and require study designs with the intention to provide practical recommendations for coaches and athletes in the sport of golf.
摘要：
高尔夫是一项由复杂的运动技能组成的运动，需要以最高的精度执行。因此,运动技能学习在高尔夫中起着至关重要的作用，大量研究涉及各种运动学习方法。在本次审查中，我们对高尔夫运动技能运动学习方面的随机对照试验(RCT)进行了系统概述.在三个电子数据库中搜索RCT，以查看至少一种学习方法对高尔夫特定运动任务中的表现的影响。我们根据学习策略“认知训练”对研究进行分组，\"练习调度\",“增强反馈”，“内隐和外显学习”和“关注焦点”。52个RCT符合资格标准，并被纳入系统评价。在各自的策略中，优越的方法是外部关注的焦点，并增加了上下文干扰，以及无差错的学习。对于“认知训练”和“增强反馈”，没有一种方法可以被认为是最有利的。总体上最大的限制是一半以上的RCT缺乏统计能力，事实上，本综述的大多数研究只调查了简单的将任务放在新手身上。尽管我们已经显示了特定学习方法的优越性，从新手的简单高尔夫任务到高级运动员的运动特定任务的建议的可转移性仍然需要证明，并且需要研究设计，旨在为高尔夫运动中的教练和运动员提供实用的建议。
