PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to physical and psychological complications and social consequences in the form of illness-related stigma. This study aimed (1) to assess the sociodemographic and clinical variable, as well as COVID-19 related knowledge and perception of persons admitted for COVID-19/Suspected COVID-19 in Nepal, (2) to determine their levels of COVID-19- related internalized stigma, depression, and anxiety symptoms, and (3) to evaluate the correlates of COVID-19- related internalized stigma.
UNASSIGNED: It was a cross-sectional exploratory study with a convenience sample of 395 participants (306 confirmed cases, 89 suspected cases) conducted between July-October 2020 in four health facilities in Madhesh and Lumbini provinces of Nepal. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to assess sociodemographic details, clinical information, COVID-19-related knowledge, perception, COVID-19-related internalized stigma, and the Hamilton Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) in Nepali language. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and linear regression analyses were performed. The level of statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.
UNASSIGNED: Around 23.3% of the patients had anxiety symptoms, 32.9% had depressive symptoms, and 20.3% had high COVID-19-related internalized stigma (mean ISMI score: 2.51-4.00). Linear regression analyses showed a significant positive association of COVID-19-related internalized stigma total score, with the following eight factors, i.e., no income in the past one month (p = 0.013), below average socioeconomic status (p = 0.004), anxiety symptoms (p = <0.001), depressive symptoms (p = <0.001), recent testing positive for COVID-19 (p = <0.001), involuntary admission (p = <0.001), prior experience of being in isolation and quarantine (p = 0.045), and those who blame others for COVID-19 (p = 0.025).
UNASSIGNED: COVID-19 survivors and suspects are vulnerable to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and COVID-19-related internalized stigma. For the first time from Nepal, our data suggests that COVID-19-related internalized stigma is associated with anxiety and depression symptoms, perceived below-average socioeconomic status, involuntary admission, prior experience of being in isolation and quarantine, recent COVID-19 positive report, self-blame, below-average socioeconomic status and no income in the past one month. Mitigating and preventing internalized stigma associated with a public health crisis such as COVID-19 is imperative by diagnosing and treating such mental health issues early and designing interventions and policies especially targeting vulnerable populations focusing on their economic background and socio-cultural beliefs.
UNASSIGNED: It was a cross-sectional exploratory study with a convenience sample of 395 participants (306 confirmed cases, 89 suspected cases) conducted between July-October 2020 in four health facilities in Madhesh and Lumbini provinces of Nepal. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to assess sociodemographic details, clinical information, COVID-19-related knowledge, perception, COVID-19-related internalized stigma, and the Hamilton Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) in Nepali language. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, and linear regression analyses were performed. The level of statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05.
UNASSIGNED: Around 23.3% of the patients had anxiety symptoms, 32.9% had depressive symptoms, and 20.3% had high COVID-19-related internalized stigma (mean ISMI score: 2.51-4.00). Linear regression analyses showed a significant positive association of COVID-19-related internalized stigma total score, with the following eight factors, i.e., no income in the past one month (p = 0.013), below average socioeconomic status (p = 0.004), anxiety symptoms (p = <0.001), depressive symptoms (p = <0.001), recent testing positive for COVID-19 (p = <0.001), involuntary admission (p = <0.001), prior experience of being in isolation and quarantine (p = 0.045), and those who blame others for COVID-19 (p = 0.025).
UNASSIGNED: COVID-19 survivors and suspects are vulnerable to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and COVID-19-related internalized stigma. For the first time from Nepal, our data suggests that COVID-19-related internalized stigma is associated with anxiety and depression symptoms, perceived below-average socioeconomic status, involuntary admission, prior experience of being in isolation and quarantine, recent COVID-19 positive report, self-blame, below-average socioeconomic status and no income in the past one month. Mitigating and preventing internalized stigma associated with a public health crisis such as COVID-19 is imperative by diagnosing and treating such mental health issues early and designing interventions and policies especially targeting vulnerable populations focusing on their economic background and socio-cultural beliefs.
摘要：
■COVID-19大流行导致了身体和心理上的并发症以及与疾病相关的耻辱形式的社会后果。本研究旨在(1)评估社会人口统计学和临床变量，以及尼泊尔对COVID-19/疑似COVID-19入院者的相关知识和看法，(2)确定其与COVID-19相关的内化污名化水平，抑郁症,和焦虑症状，(3)评估COVID-19相关内化病耻感的相关性。
■这是一项横断面探索性研究，以395名参与者为方便样本（306例确诊病例，89例疑似病例）于2020年7月至10月在尼泊尔马德什省和蓝毗尼省的四个医疗机构进行。我们使用半结构化问卷来评估社会人口统计细节，临床信息，COVID-19相关知识，感知，COVID-19相关的内在化污名，和尼泊尔语汉密尔顿焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）。描述性统计，相关分析，并进行线性回归分析。在p<0.05时考虑统计学显著性水平。
■约23.3%的患者有焦虑症状,32.9%有抑郁症状,20.3%的患者有较高的COVID-19相关内化病耻感（平均ISMI评分：2.51-4.00）。线性回归分析显示，与COVID-19相关的内在化柱头总分呈显著正相关，有以下八个因素，即，过去一个月没有收入(p=0.013)，低于平均社会经济地位(p=0.004)，焦虑症状（p=<0.001），抑郁症状（p=<0.001），近期COVID-19检测呈阳性（p=<0.001），非自愿入院（p=<0.001），隔离和隔离的经验(p=0.045)，以及那些将COVID-19归咎于他人的人（p=0.025）。
COVID-19幸存者和嫌疑人容易出现抑郁症状，焦虑,和COVID-19相关的内在化污名。第一次从尼泊尔我们的数据表明，与COVID-19相关的内化病耻感与焦虑和抑郁症状有关，感知到低于平均水平的社会经济地位，非自愿入院,以前隔离隔离和隔离的经验，最近的COVID-19积极报告，自责,社会经济地位低于平均水平，过去一个月没有收入。缓解和预防与COVID-19等公共卫生危机相关的内化污名化，必须及早诊断和治疗此类心理健康问题，并设计特别针对弱势群体的干预措施和政策，重点关注他们的经济背景和社会文化信仰。
■这是一项横断面探索性研究，以395名参与者为方便样本（306例确诊病例，89例疑似病例）于2020年7月至10月在尼泊尔马德什省和蓝毗尼省的四个医疗机构进行。我们使用半结构化问卷来评估社会人口统计细节，临床信息，COVID-19相关知识，感知，COVID-19相关的内在化污名，和尼泊尔语汉密尔顿焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）。描述性统计，相关分析，并进行线性回归分析。在p<0.05时考虑统计学显著性水平。
■约23.3%的患者有焦虑症状,32.9%有抑郁症状,20.3%的患者有较高的COVID-19相关内化病耻感（平均ISMI评分：2.51-4.00）。线性回归分析显示，与COVID-19相关的内在化柱头总分呈显著正相关，有以下八个因素，即，过去一个月没有收入(p=0.013)，低于平均社会经济地位(p=0.004)，焦虑症状（p=<0.001），抑郁症状（p=<0.001），近期COVID-19检测呈阳性（p=<0.001），非自愿入院（p=<0.001），隔离和隔离的经验(p=0.045)，以及那些将COVID-19归咎于他人的人（p=0.025）。
COVID-19幸存者和嫌疑人容易出现抑郁症状，焦虑,和COVID-19相关的内在化污名。第一次从尼泊尔我们的数据表明，与COVID-19相关的内化病耻感与焦虑和抑郁症状有关，感知到低于平均水平的社会经济地位，非自愿入院,以前隔离隔离和隔离的经验，最近的COVID-19积极报告，自责,社会经济地位低于平均水平，过去一个月没有收入。缓解和预防与COVID-19等公共卫生危机相关的内化污名化，必须及早诊断和治疗此类心理健康问题，并设计特别针对弱势群体的干预措施和政策，重点关注他们的经济背景和社会文化信仰。
