PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Trained detection dogs have a unique ability to find the sources of target odors in complex fluid environments. How dogs derive information about the source of an odor from an odor plume comprised of odorants with different physical properties, such as diffusivity, is currently unknown. Two volatile chemicals associated with explosive detection, ammonia (NH3, derived from ammonium nitrate-based explosives) and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2E1H, associated with composition C4 plastic explosives) were used to ascertain the effects of the physical properties of odorants on the search behavior and motion of trained dogs. NH3 has a diffusivity 3.6 times that of 2E1H. Fourteen civilian detection dogs were recruited to train on each target odorant using controlled odor mimic permeation systems as training aids over 6 weeks and then tested in a controlled-environment search trial where behavior, motion, and search success were analyzed. Our results indicate the target-odorant influences search motion and time spent in the stages of searching, with dogs spending more time in larger areas while localizing NH3. This aligns with the greater diffusivity of NH3 driving diffusion-dominated odor transport when dogs are close to the odor source in contrast to the advection-driven transport of 2E1H at the same distances.
摘要：
受过训练的检测犬具有在复杂流体环境中发现目标气味来源的独特能力。狗如何从由具有不同物理性质的气味物质组成的气味羽流中获取有关气味来源的信息，比如扩散系数，目前未知。与爆炸物检测相关的两种挥发性化学物质，氨(NH3，来自硝酸铵基炸药)和2-乙基-1-己醇(2E1H，与成分C4塑料炸药相关）用于确定气味剂的物理性质对搜索行为和训练犬的运动的影响。NH3的扩散系数是2E1H的3.6倍。招募了14只民用检测犬，使用受控的气味模拟渗透系统作为训练辅助工具，在6周内对每种目标气味剂进行训练，然后在受控环境搜索试验中对行为进行测试，动议，并对搜索成功进行了分析。我们的结果表明，目标气味剂影响搜索运动和在搜索阶段花费的时间，狗在定位NH3的同时在更大的区域花费更多的时间。与相同距离的平流驱动2E1H的传输相反，当狗靠近气味源时，这与NH3驱动扩散主导的气味传输的更大扩散率一致。
