Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Autoimmune activation by COVID-19 infection/vaccination has been postulated to be responsible for initiating or reactivating multiple types of oral mucosal immune disorders. These include: oral lichen planus; oral pemphigoid; either bullous pemphigoid or mucous membrane pemphigoid with oral involvement; pemphigus vulgaris with oral involvement; and Sjögren disease. In addition, chronic conditions such as oral burning, xerostomia, or changes in taste and/or smell have also been linked to COVID-19 infection/vaccination.
METHODS: Part 1 (mucosal conditions): an English-language literature review of Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase was performed searching cases of oral lichen planus, oral bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, and COVID-19 infection/vaccination, with additional cases from the authors\' clinical practice presented. Part 2 (nonmucosal conditions): Cases of initiated or flared Sjögren disease, chronic oral burning, or xerostomia after COVID-19 infection/vaccination from the authors\' clinical practice were aggregated.
RESULTS: The literature review discovered 29 cases of oral lichen planus following COVID-19 infection/vaccination. For bullous pemphigoid, 10 cases were identified after infection/vaccination. The number of pemphigus vulgaris cases following infection/vaccination was 28. The majority of mucosal cases were reported after vaccination. Most reported initial disease, but a substantial amount included recurrences of existing diseases. Nonmucosal disease: Sjögren disease, chronic oral burning, or xerostomia after COVID-19 infection/vaccination cases totaled 12 cases identified from the authors\' clinical practice, with the majority occurring after infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Chronic conditions after infection with COVID-19 or vaccination remain relatively rare and self-limited, yet reinforce the importance of comprehensive history taking involving COVID-19 to differentiate potential etiologic factors for these conditions.
METHODS: Part 1 (mucosal conditions): an English-language literature review of Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase was performed searching cases of oral lichen planus, oral bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, and COVID-19 infection/vaccination, with additional cases from the authors\' clinical practice presented. Part 2 (nonmucosal conditions): Cases of initiated or flared Sjögren disease, chronic oral burning, or xerostomia after COVID-19 infection/vaccination from the authors\' clinical practice were aggregated.
RESULTS: The literature review discovered 29 cases of oral lichen planus following COVID-19 infection/vaccination. For bullous pemphigoid, 10 cases were identified after infection/vaccination. The number of pemphigus vulgaris cases following infection/vaccination was 28. The majority of mucosal cases were reported after vaccination. Most reported initial disease, but a substantial amount included recurrences of existing diseases. Nonmucosal disease: Sjögren disease, chronic oral burning, or xerostomia after COVID-19 infection/vaccination cases totaled 12 cases identified from the authors\' clinical practice, with the majority occurring after infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Chronic conditions after infection with COVID-19 or vaccination remain relatively rare and self-limited, yet reinforce the importance of comprehensive history taking involving COVID-19 to differentiate potential etiologic factors for these conditions.
摘要：
目的：COVID-19感染/疫苗接种的自身免疫激活被认为是引发或重新激活多种类型口腔粘膜免疫疾病的原因。这些包括：口腔扁平苔藓；口腔类天疱疮；大疱性类天疱疮或粘膜类天疱疮，口腔受累；和Sjögren病。此外,慢性疾病，如口腔灼烧，口干症,或味道和/或气味的变化也与COVID-19感染/疫苗接种有关。
方法：第1部分（粘膜状况）：对Pubmed，WebofScience,Scopus,Embase进行了口腔扁平苔藓病例的搜索，口服大疱性类天疱疮，粘膜类天疱疮，寻常型天疱疮,和COVID-19感染/疫苗接种，作者提出的临床实践中的其他病例。第2部分（非粘膜疾病）：引发或爆发的Sjögren病的病例，慢性口腔灼烧，作者临床实践中的COVID-19感染/疫苗接种后的口干症或口干症进行了汇总。
结果：文献复习发现COVID-19感染/接种后出现口腔扁平苔藓29例。对于大疱性类天疱疮，在感染/疫苗接种后确定10例。感染/疫苗接种后的寻常型天疱疮病例数为28。大多数粘膜病例是在接种疫苗后报告的。大多数报告的初始疾病，但大量包括现有疾病的复发。非粘膜疾病：干燥病，慢性口腔灼烧，或COVID-19感染/疫苗接种后的口干症总计12例，从作者的临床实践中确定，大多数发生在感染后。
结论：感染COVID-19或接种疫苗后的慢性病仍然相对罕见，并且是自我限制的，但强调了纳入COVID-19的综合病史对区分这些疾病的潜在病因的重要性。
方法：第1部分（粘膜状况）：对Pubmed，WebofScience,Scopus,Embase进行了口腔扁平苔藓病例的搜索，口服大疱性类天疱疮，粘膜类天疱疮，寻常型天疱疮,和COVID-19感染/疫苗接种，作者提出的临床实践中的其他病例。第2部分（非粘膜疾病）：引发或爆发的Sjögren病的病例，慢性口腔灼烧，作者临床实践中的COVID-19感染/疫苗接种后的口干症或口干症进行了汇总。
结果：文献复习发现COVID-19感染/接种后出现口腔扁平苔藓29例。对于大疱性类天疱疮，在感染/疫苗接种后确定10例。感染/疫苗接种后的寻常型天疱疮病例数为28。大多数粘膜病例是在接种疫苗后报告的。大多数报告的初始疾病，但大量包括现有疾病的复发。非粘膜疾病：干燥病，慢性口腔灼烧，或COVID-19感染/疫苗接种后的口干症总计12例，从作者的临床实践中确定，大多数发生在感染后。
结论：感染COVID-19或接种疫苗后的慢性病仍然相对罕见，并且是自我限制的，但强调了纳入COVID-19的综合病史对区分这些疾病的潜在病因的重要性。
