Abstract：
This comprehensive review critically examines the application of proteomics in understanding sperm cryoinjury mechanisms in livestock animals, in the context of the widespread use of semen cryopreservation for genetic conservation. Despite its global adoption, cryopreservation often detrimentally affects sperm quality and fertility due to cryoinjuries. These injuries primarily arise from ice crystal formation, osmotic shifts, oxidative stress, and the reorganization of membrane proteins and lipids during freezing and thawing, leading to premature capacitation-like changes. Moreover, the cryopreservation process induces proteome remodeling in mammalian sperm. Although there have been technological advances in semen cryopreservation, the precise mechanisms of mammalian sperm cryoinjury remain elusive. This review offers an in-depth exploration of how recent advancements in proteomic technologies have enabled a detailed investigation into these molecular disruptions. It presents an analysis of protein-level alterations post-thaw and their impact on sperm viability and functionality. Additionally, it discusses the role of proteomics in refining cryopreservation techniques to mitigate cryoinjury and enhance reproductive outcomes in livestock. This work synthesizes current knowledge, highlights gaps, and suggests directions for future research in animal reproductive science and biotechnology.
摘要：
这篇全面的综述严格审查了蛋白质组学在理解家畜动物精子冷冻损伤机制中的应用。在广泛使用精液冷冻保存进行遗传保护的背景下。尽管它被全球采用，由于冷冻损伤，冷冻保存通常会对精子质量和生育能力产生不利影响。这些伤害主要来自于冰晶的形成,渗透变化，氧化应激，以及冷冻和解冻过程中膜蛋白和脂质的重组，导致过早的类似获能的变化。此外，冷冻保存过程诱导哺乳动物精子蛋白质组重塑。虽然精液冷冻保存技术有了进步,哺乳动物精子冷冻损伤的确切机制仍然难以捉摸。这篇综述提供了对蛋白质组学技术的最新进展如何对这些分子破坏进行详细研究的深入探索。它提供了解冻后蛋白质水平变化的分析及其对精子活力和功能的影响。此外,它讨论了蛋白质组学在改进冷冻保存技术以减轻冷冻损伤和提高家畜繁殖结果中的作用。这项工作综合了当前的知识，突出差距，并为动物生殖科学和生物技术的未来研究提出了方向。
