Abstract：
Power-to-Gas (P2G) is considered as a promising energy storage technology in a long-time horizon. The rapid growth in the share of intermittent renewables in the energy mix is driving forward research and development in large-scale energy storage. This paper presents a feasibility analysis of a power-to-gas system in terms of various operating points and capacities. The analysis was performed using a system model, which features a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE), a CO2 separation unit, and a methanation reactor as the key components. For the purposes of the techno-economic assessment (TEA) of the system, the CAPEX/OPEX estimation was performed and the cost structure defined. The model proposed in the study enables system-level optimization, including technical and economic criteria, considering two nominal scales: 10 kW and 40 GW, which corresponds to the nominal capacity of SOE in each case. According to the study, in an SOE-based P2G system, the cost of synthetic natural gas (SNG) production will fall by 15-21% by 2030 and 29-37% by 2050. SNG production would cost 3.15-3.75 EUR2023/kgSNG in 2030 and 2.6-3.0 EUR2023/kgSNG in 2050 for systems with SOE power >10 MW. Generally, product cost reductions occur as a result of material development and large-scale production, which influences the system\'s CAPEX. According to the research, the technology will break even by 2050. The large-scale power-to-gas system with a total of 40 GW installed capacity delivers a product price of 2.4 EUR2023/kgSNG with the average conversion efficiency of 68%.
摘要：
从长远来看，功率到气体（P2G）被认为是一种有前途的储能技术。间歇性可再生能源在能源结构中所占份额的快速增长正在推动大规模储能的研究和发展。本文从各种工作点和容量方面对电力到气体系统进行了可行性分析。分析是使用系统模型进行的，具有固体氧化物电解槽（SOE），CO2分离单元，和甲烷化反应器作为关键部件。为了对系统进行技术经济评估(TEA)，进行了CAPEX/OPEX估算并定义了成本结构。研究中提出的模型实现了系统级优化，包括技术和经济标准，考虑两个标称尺寸：10kW和40GW，在每种情况下对应于SOE的标称容量。根据研究,在基于国有企业的P2G系统中，到2030年，合成天然气（SNG）的生产成本将下降15-21％，到2050年将下降29-37％。对于SOE功率>10MW的系统，SNG生产将在2030年花费3.15-3.75EUR2023/kgSNG，在2050年花费2.6-3.0EUR2023/kgSNG。一般来说,材料开发和大规模生产导致产品成本降低，这影响了系统的资本支出。根据研究,这项技术将在2050年实现收支平衡。总装机容量为40GW的大规模电力到天然气系统的产品价格为2.4EUR2023/kgSNG，平均转换效率为68％。
