Abstract：
Vulnerable Road users (VRUs) often suffer multiple fatal head injury types simultaneously in road accidents. In this study, a head-weighted injury criterion (HWIC4) was proposed for assessing the risk of head AIS 4+ injuries considering multiple injury types. Firstly, the kinematic characteristics of VRUs in the 50 in-depth accidents were reconstructed by using multi-body system models, and head injuries were reconstructed using eight head kinematic-based injury criteria and eight brain tissue injury criteria via the THUMS (Ver. 4.0.2) head finite element model. The predictive capability of each injury criterion to predict head AIS 4+ injuries was assessed and four better predictors (HIC15, angular acceleration, coup pressure, and maximum principal strain) were selected. The different head injury types and the weighting parameters for each injury type were taken into account in the development of HWIC4. Finally, the effectiveness and evaluation of HWIC4 for head AIS 4+ injury was validated based on the area under of receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve and reconstruction results from 10 additional selected accident cases. The results showed that HWIC4 has a good predictive capability for head AIS 4+ injuries with an AUROC of 0.983, which means that HWIC4 is superior and more reliable than a single head injury criterion. This knowledge further improves the capability of head injury criteria to predict head AIS 4+ injuries.
摘要：
在道路交通事故中，弱势道路使用者（VRU）经常同时遭受多种致命的头部伤害。在这项研究中,考虑到多种损伤类型,提出了一种头部加权损伤标准(HWIC4)来评估头部AIS4+损伤的风险.首先,利用多体系统模型重建了50起深度事故中VRU的运动学特征，通过THUMS（Ver。4.0.2)封头有限元模型。评估了每个损伤标准预测头部AIS4+损伤的预测能力，并评估了四个更好的预测因子(HIC15，角加速度，政变压力，和最大主应变)被选择。在开发HWIC4时考虑了不同的头部损伤类型和每种损伤类型的加权参数。最后,根据受试者工作特征下面积(AUROC)曲线和另外10例选定事故病例的重建结果,验证了HWIC4对头部AIS4+损伤的有效性和评估.结果表明，HWIC4对头部AIS4+损伤具有良好的预测能力，AUROC为0.983，这意味着HWIC4优于单一头部损伤标准，更可靠。这些知识进一步提高了头部损伤标准预测头部AIS4+损伤的能力。
