Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To describe the presentation, management, and postmortem examination findings in a dog with confirmed lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) toxicosis.
METHODS: A 3-year-old female neutered mixed breed dog initially presented with neurological signs suspected to be secondary to LDX toxicosis. The dog was treated as typical for amphetamine toxicoses but developed severe respiratory and cardiovascular signs throughout their hospitalization. The progression of the cardiopulmonary signs led to cardiopulmonary arrest, for which CPR was unsuccessful. Postmortem examination exhibited severe hemorrhage throughout multiple organ systems. Toxicology testing confirmed the presence of unaltered LDX and its metabolite, amphetamine.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case report documenting a severe progression of clinical signs and postmortem examination findings in a case of confirmed LDX toxicosis in a dog. Although the patient did not survive treatment, postmortem examination and microscopic evaluation of tissues allowed visualization of the extent of systemic pathophysiology. With prompt treatment, the prognosis of amphetamine toxicosis in dogs is generally considered good; however, this case report demonstrates a severe case in which even prompt and appropriate treatment did not prevent mortality. This suggests a need to establish negative prognostic indicators for which to monitor in cases of amphetamine toxicosis. Finally, this report is also unique in the fact that the LDX toxicosis was confirmed using a toxicological analysis technique not previously described clinically in dogs.
METHODS: A 3-year-old female neutered mixed breed dog initially presented with neurological signs suspected to be secondary to LDX toxicosis. The dog was treated as typical for amphetamine toxicoses but developed severe respiratory and cardiovascular signs throughout their hospitalization. The progression of the cardiopulmonary signs led to cardiopulmonary arrest, for which CPR was unsuccessful. Postmortem examination exhibited severe hemorrhage throughout multiple organ systems. Toxicology testing confirmed the presence of unaltered LDX and its metabolite, amphetamine.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case report documenting a severe progression of clinical signs and postmortem examination findings in a case of confirmed LDX toxicosis in a dog. Although the patient did not survive treatment, postmortem examination and microscopic evaluation of tissues allowed visualization of the extent of systemic pathophysiology. With prompt treatment, the prognosis of amphetamine toxicosis in dogs is generally considered good; however, this case report demonstrates a severe case in which even prompt and appropriate treatment did not prevent mortality. This suggests a need to establish negative prognostic indicators for which to monitor in cases of amphetamine toxicosis. Finally, this report is also unique in the fact that the LDX toxicosis was confirmed using a toxicological analysis technique not previously described clinically in dogs.
摘要：
目的：为了描述演示文稿，管理,和尸检结果在一只狗中发现，证实了lisdexamfetaminedimesylate（LDX）中毒。
方法：一只3岁雌性绝育混种犬最初出现疑似继发于LDX中毒的神经系统症状。这只狗被视为典型的苯丙胺中毒，但在整个住院期间出现严重的呼吸和心血管症状。心肺体征的进展导致心肺骤停，CPR不成功。尸检显示整个多器官系统严重出血。毒理学测试证实存在未改变的LDX及其代谢物，安非他明.
结论：这是首例病例报告，记录了一例确诊的犬LDX中毒的临床体征和死后检查结果的严重进展。尽管患者没有在治疗中幸存下来，组织的尸检和显微镜评估可以使全身病理生理学的程度可视化。及时治疗，安非他明中毒在狗的预后通常被认为是好的;然而，本病例报告显示了一个严重病例,即使及时和适当的治疗也无法预防死亡.这表明需要建立负面的预后指标，以在苯丙胺中毒的情况下进行监测。最后,本报告的独特之处还在于,LDX中毒是通过毒理学分析技术证实的,该技术以前在犬中没有临床描述过.
方法：一只3岁雌性绝育混种犬最初出现疑似继发于LDX中毒的神经系统症状。这只狗被视为典型的苯丙胺中毒，但在整个住院期间出现严重的呼吸和心血管症状。心肺体征的进展导致心肺骤停，CPR不成功。尸检显示整个多器官系统严重出血。毒理学测试证实存在未改变的LDX及其代谢物，安非他明.
结论：这是首例病例报告，记录了一例确诊的犬LDX中毒的临床体征和死后检查结果的严重进展。尽管患者没有在治疗中幸存下来，组织的尸检和显微镜评估可以使全身病理生理学的程度可视化。及时治疗，安非他明中毒在狗的预后通常被认为是好的;然而，本病例报告显示了一个严重病例,即使及时和适当的治疗也无法预防死亡.这表明需要建立负面的预后指标，以在苯丙胺中毒的情况下进行监测。最后,本报告的独特之处还在于,LDX中毒是通过毒理学分析技术证实的,该技术以前在犬中没有临床描述过.
