Abstract：
Offline techniques are adopted for studying air pollution health impacts, thus failing to provide in situ observations. Here, we have demonstrated their real-time monitoring by online analyzing an array of gaseous biomarkers from rats\' exhaled breath using an integrated exhaled breath array sensor (IEBAS) developed. The biomarkers include total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), CO2, CO, NO, H2S, H2O2, O2, and NH3. Specific breath-borne VOCs were also analyzed by a gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometer (GC-IMS). After real-life ambient air pollution exposures (2 h), the pollution levels of PM2.5 and O3 were both found to significantly affect the relative levels of multiple gaseous biomarkers in rats\' breath. Eleven biomarkers, especially NO, H2S, and 1-propanol, were detected as significantly correlated with PM2.5 concentration, while heptanal was shown to be significantly correlated with O3. Likewise, significant changes were also detected in multiple breath-borne biomarkers from rats under lab-controlled O3 exposures with levels of 150, 300, and 1000 μg/m3 (2 h), compared to synthetic air exposure. Importantly, heptanal was experimentally confirmed as a reliable biomarker for O3 exposure, with a notable dose-response relationship. In contrast, conventional biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in rat sera exhibited insignificant differences after the 2 h exposures. The results imply that breath-borne gaseous biomarkers can serve as an early and sensitive indicator for ambient pollutant exposure. This work pioneered a new research paradigm for online monitoring of air pollution health impacts while obtaining important candidate biomarker information for PM2.5 and O3 exposures.
摘要：
采用离线技术研究空气污染对健康的影响，因此无法提供现场观测。这里,我们已经证明了他们的实时监测，通过在线分析一系列气体生物标志物从大鼠呼出气使用集成呼出气阵列传感器（IEBAS）开发。生物标志物包括总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)、CO2、CO、NO,H2S,H2O2、O2和NH3。还通过气相色谱-离子迁移谱仪（GC-IMS）分析了特定的呼吸传播的VOC。在实际环境空气污染暴露(2小时)后，发现PM2.5和O3的污染水平均显著影响大鼠呼吸中多种气体生物标志物的相对水平。11种生物标志物,尤其是不,H2S,和1-丙醇，被检测为与PM2.5浓度显著相关，而庚醛与O3显着相关。同样，在实验室控制的O3暴露水平为150、300和1000μg/m3（2h）的大鼠中，多种呼吸传播的生物标志物也发生了显着变化，与合成空气暴露相比。重要的是,庚醛被实验证实是O3暴露的可靠生物标志物，具有显著的剂量-反应关系。相比之下,2h暴露后，大鼠血清中炎症和氧化应激的常规生物标志物表现出无明显差异。结果表明，呼吸传播的气体生物标志物可以作为环境污染物暴露的早期和敏感指标。这项工作开创了一种新的研究范式，用于在线监测空气污染健康影响，同时获得PM2.5和O3暴露的重要候选生物标志物信息。
